020 贝多芬：交响乐大师

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Many music lovers and scholars consider Ludwig van Beethoven one of the greatest composers who ever lived

许多音乐爱好者和学者都认为路德维希·凡·贝多芬是历史上最伟大的作曲家之一。

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It's especially amazing that Beethoven composed many of his musical masterpieces after losing his hearing!

尤其令人惊叹的是，贝多芬是在失去听力之后，才创作出许多音乐杰作的！

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Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany, in 1770

1770年，路德维希·凡·贝多芬出生于德国波恩。

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Both his father and grandfather were court musicians — musicians hired to play for royalty

他的父亲和祖父都是宫廷乐师——即受雇为皇室演奏的音乐家。

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Beethoven's father was determined to teach his young son to play music, and to turn him into a prodigy

贝多芬的父亲决心教年幼的儿子演奏音乐，想把他培养成一名神童。

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According to many stories, Beethoven was often crying as he practiced, and his father made him work very hard, often until late at night

据说，贝多芬练琴时经常哭泣，他的父亲对他要求极为严格，常常让他练到深夜。

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When Beethoven was almost 12, he published his first composition

贝多芬快12岁时，发表了他的第一部作品。

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He had also been appointed as an assistant organist at the court — an impressive job for such a young musician

他还被任命为宫廷的助理管风琴师——对这么年轻的音乐家来说，这是一份了不起的工作。

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It was around this time that Beethoven left school and devoted himself entirely to music

大约就在这个时候，贝多芬离开了学校，全身心地投入到音乐中。

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As a result, he was never a very good speller

因此，他的拼写能力一直不太好。

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His letters show that he often made simple grammatical errors, even later in his life

他的信件表明，他常常犯一些简单的语法错误，甚至在他晚年也是如此。

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As Beethoven began earning money from his music, his family grew more dependent upon his income

当贝多芬开始靠音乐挣钱时，他的家人越发依赖他的收入。

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The Beethovens had once been wealthy, but the father was an alcoholic

贝多芬家曾经富有过，但他的父亲是个酒鬼。

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His serious drinking problem had led the family into financial decline

他严重的酗酒问题导致家道中落。

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When Beethoven turned 18 years old, the court decided to send him to Vienna, which was the center of the music world at that time

贝多芬18岁时，宫廷决定送他去维也纳，那里是当时音乐界的中心。

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Beethoven wanted to stay in Vienna and study with the great composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

贝多芬想留在维也纳，跟随伟大的作曲家沃尔夫冈·阿马德乌斯·莫扎特学习。

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But back in Bonn, disaster struck. His mother fell ill and died, and Beethoven had to return home to Bonn

但回到波恩后，噩耗传来。他的母亲病倒了，随后去世，贝多芬不得不返回波恩的家中。

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The next years were probably a very stressful time in the Beethoven household

接下来的几年，对贝多芬的家庭来说，可能是压力重重的一段时期。

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Beethoven's father was still drinking, and Beethoven had two younger brothers who needed his financial support

贝多芬的父亲仍在酗酒，而他还有两个弟弟需要他经济上的支持。

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Beethoven's life was very busy as he tried to take care of his family and practice and develop his music

贝多芬的生活非常忙碌，他要努力照顾家人，同时还要练习和发展他的音乐。

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Yet it was also a good time for his career as he took on more responsibilities at court

然而，这也是他职业生涯的好时期，因为他在宫廷中承担了更多的职责。

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He also expanded his social circle with other musicians and some prosperous friends

他还与其他音乐家及一些富裕的朋友拓展了社交圈。

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In 1790 an important European political figure — the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, Joseph II — died

1790年，一位重要的欧洲政治人物——神圣罗马帝国皇帝约瑟夫二世——去世了，

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and Beethoven was invited to compose the funeral ode

贝多芬受邀创作葬礼颂歌。

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This was a huge honor for a young composer

这对一位年轻作曲家来说是莫大的荣誉。

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While Beethoven's composition was never played at the emperor's funeral

尽管贝多芬的作品未在皇帝葬礼上演奏，

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it did eventually attract the attention of another well-known composer — Joseph Haydn

它最终确实吸引了另一位著名作曲家——约瑟夫·海顿的注意。

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By 1792 Beethoven was traveling back to Vienna to study with Haydn as well as other composers

到1792年，贝多芬正返回维也纳，师从海顿及其他作曲家学习。

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During this time Beethoven continued to compose music

在此期间，贝多芬继续创作音乐。

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His compositions were very different from anything anyone had heard before

他的作品与人们此前听过的任何音乐都截然不同。

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Beethoven included new sounds and paired up instruments in new and creative ways

贝多芬加入了新的声音，并以新颖、有创意的方式组合乐器。

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He also became known in Vienna for his playing of the piano; he received many invitations to play at the homes of noble families and aristocrats

他也因钢琴演奏在维也纳闻名；他收到许多邀请，去贵族和上流社会家庭演奏。

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By the time Beethoven was around 28 years old, disaster had struck again — he realized he was losing his hearing

贝多芬大约28岁时，灾难再次降临——他意识到自己的听力正在衰退。

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Over the years he became completely deaf, sometimes isolating himself from others, and growing bitter about his condition

年复一年，他完全失聪了，有时会离群索居，并对自己的状况愈发痛苦。

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Even though he could no longer hear his compositions being played, Beethoven kept writing music

尽管再也听不到自己的作品被演奏，贝多芬仍坚持创作音乐。

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He often wandered country roads in villages near Vienna, and in sketchbooks, he wrote down his ideas

他常在维也纳附近村庄的乡间小路上漫步，并在素描本上记下他的灵感。

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His music grew more sensitive and powerful because of his personal struggles

由于个人的挣扎，他的音乐变得更加细腻而有力。

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Beethoven never had luck finding love, and this added to his loneliness and dark spirit

贝多芬在寻找爱情方面从未交过好运，这加剧了他的孤独和阴郁情绪。

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His piece Moonlight Sonata is regarded as one of his most beautiful works

他的《月光奏鸣曲》被认为是他最美的作品之一。

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It is believed that it was inspired by the tragic love he felt for a girl he couldn't marry

人们相信，其灵感来源于他对一位无法迎娶的女孩所感到的悲剧式爱情。

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Beethoven's nine symphonies are also considered masterpieces

贝多芬的九部交响曲也被认为是杰作。

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A symphony is a long musical work played by an orchestra

交响曲是由管弦乐队演奏的大型音乐作品。

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Beethoven wrote complicated compositions that evoke many different moods and feelings

贝多芬创作了复杂的乐曲，能唤起许多不同的情绪和感受。

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Each symphony has a different theme and expresses a different emotion

每部交响曲都有不同的主题，表达着不同的情感。

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His Symphony No. 3 was written in honor of Napoleon, whom Beethoven admired for a time

他的《第三交响曲》是为向拿破仑致敬而作，贝多芬曾一度很钦佩他。

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Symphony No. 6 was inspired by the beauty found in nature

《第六交响曲》的灵感源于自然之美。

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In one section Beethoven has woodwind instruments imitate the sounds of nightingales, cuckoos, and quails

在其中一段，贝多芬用木管乐器模仿夜莺、布谷鸟和鹌鹑的叫声。

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His most popular symphony is probably his final one — Symphony No. 9

他最受欢迎的交响曲很可能是他最后一部——《第九交响曲》。

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It is a very powerful piece of music, one in which Beethoven uses both an orchestra and a chorus of singers

这是一部非常有力量的音乐作品，贝多芬在其中同时运用了管弦乐队和合唱团。

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When it was first played, the audience loved it so much, they clapped for a very long time after the concert ended

首演时，观众喜爱至极，音乐会结束后掌声持续了很久很久。

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Because he was deaf, Beethoven was completely unaware of the thunderous applause

由于失聪，贝多芬对那雷鸣般的掌声浑然不觉。

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Finally someone turned him in the direction of the audience so he could see their enthusiastic clapping and cheering

最后，有人把他的身子转向观众，这样他就能看到他们热烈的鼓掌和欢呼了。

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Ludwig van Beethoven died in Vienna on March 26, 1827 at age 57

路德维希·凡·贝多芬于1827年3月26日在维也纳去世，享年57岁。

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He left an incredible musical legacy that includes some of the most important musical works of all time

他留下了一份不可思议的音乐遗产，其中包括一些有史以来最重要的音乐作品。

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It is hard to believe that he created many of these great works without being able to hear a single note

真难以置信，他在听不到一个音符的情况下，创作出了这么多伟大的作品。