018 美国革命与勇敢的小红帽

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" Are you excited about your field trip?"

“你对实地考察感到兴奋吗？”

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Grandpa asked Laurie as they waited for the school bus

等校车时，爷爷问劳里。

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Laurie shrugged." I guess so. We're just visiting George Washington's headquarters in New Jersey during the American Revolution

劳里耸耸肩。“我想是吧。我们只是去参观美国独立战争时期乔治·华盛顿在新泽西的司令部。

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Then we're riding horses through some woods where Washington's soldiers camped."

然后我们会骑马穿过华盛顿士兵扎营的一片树林。”

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" That sounds great!" Grandpa said." The American Revolution is my favorite part of American history

“听起来很棒！”爷爷说。“美国独立战争是我最喜欢的美国历史部分。

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It was an exciting time when colonists were figuring out who they were and what they wanted from their government

那是一个激动人心的时代，殖民者们探索着自己是谁，以及对自己的政府有何期望。

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When it was all over, they had founded a new country."

当一切结束时，他们建立了一个新国家。”

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Laurie couldn't help smiling. As usual Grandpa was enthusiastic about something in history!

劳里忍不住笑了。爷爷一如既往地对历史的某些事情充满热情！

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" I know the Revolution had something to do with tea and taxes," she said to him

“我知道独立战争与茶叶和税收有关，”她对他说。

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" But what were the colonists really fighting about?"

“但殖民者们真正在为什么而战？”

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" Independence and the right to decide how they were governed

“独立以及决定如何治理自己的权利。

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Remember, what we know now as American states were British colonies back then

记住，我们现在知道的美国各州，当时都是英国的殖民地。

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The founders and original colonists had come from England

开国元勋和最初的殖民者都来自英格兰。

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So everyone, even people born in America, were British citizens governed by the British king — King George III

所以，所有人，甚至在美国出生的人，都是英国公民，受英国国王——乔治三世统治。

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But he lived in England. Many colonists started grumbling that he couldn't possibly know what was best for the colonies when he was so far away

但他住在英国。许多殖民者开始抱怨，他离得这么远，怎么可能知道什么对殖民地最好。

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The really loud grumbling started when King George created the Stamp Act in 1765

真正的强烈抱怨始于1765年乔治国王颁布《印花税法案》。

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This act said that any paper good sold in the colonies had to have a stamp on it, and the stamp had to be purchased from a British official

这项法案规定，殖民地里出售的任何纸制品都必须贴上一枚印花，而且这枚印花必须从英国官员那里购买。

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It was basically a tax paid to England

这基本上就是向英国交纳的一种税。

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So the colonists protested this.' No taxation without representation,' they said

于是殖民者们对此提出抗议。他们说：“无代表，不纳税。”

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That meant: you can't tax us unless we agree on the law together

那意思是：除非我们一起同意这项法律，否则你们不能向我们征税。

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Then England expanded the tax to include glass, tea, and other things

然后英国把税收扩大到包括玻璃、茶叶和其他物品。

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So the colonists decided to boycott British goods

于是殖民者们决定抵制英国商品。

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England didn't like this, and sent soldiers to the colonies to keep things in order

英国不喜欢这样，便派士兵到殖民地维持秩序。

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The war for independence officially broke out in 1775

独立战争于1775年正式爆发。

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The next year the founding fathers of the United States wrote the Declaration of Independence

第二年，美国的开国元勋们撰写了《独立宣言》。

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This document explained everything that the Americans were fighting for: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

这份文件说明了美国人所奋斗的一切：生命、自由和追求幸福。

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They wanted to be completely free from British rule."

“他们想要彻底摆脱英国的统治。”

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The school bus rumbled up the street

校车轰隆隆地开上了街道。

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" I'm sure you'll learn everything that happened after that on your field trip! Have fun!"

“我相信你在实地考察中会学到那之后的一切！玩得开心！”

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At four o'clock, Grandpa heard feet pounding on the steps

四点钟时，爷爷听到台阶上传来咚咚的脚步声。

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" How was it?" Grandpa asked as his granddaughter bounced into the room

“怎么样？”爷爷问蹦蹦跳跳跑进房间的孙女。

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" So much fun!" Laurie answered." I got you something." She held out a brown paper bag

“太好玩了！”劳里回答。“我给你带了东西。”她递出一个棕色纸袋。

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" Thanks!"

“谢谢！”

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" It's a quill pen and some ink." Laurie showed him how to use it

“是一根羽毛笔和一些墨水。”劳里给他演示怎么用。

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" First, cut the tip of the quill with a knife to make a slanted edge

“首先，用小刀把羽毛笔的尖端削成斜角。

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Then, dip that end in the ink bottle. That's how the colonists wrote

然后，把那一端浸入墨水瓶。这就是殖民者写字的方式。

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Cool, huh? The park ranger who gave us our tour taught me that."

很酷，对吧？带我们参观的公园管理员教我的。”

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" I bet you learned a lot today

“我敢说你今天学了很多。

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Now you probably know more than I do about George Washington and the American Revolution," Grandpa said, grinning

现在你可能比我更了解乔治·华盛顿和美国独立战争了。”爷爷笑着说。

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" No!" Laurie protested." But I did learn that George Washington was a plantation owner from Virginia

“不会啦！”劳里抗议道。“但我确实学到乔治·华盛顿是弗吉尼亚的一个种植园主。

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When the colonists gathered to fight the British, they started an army called the Continental Army

当殖民者们聚集起来对抗英国时，他们组建了一支名为大陆军的军队。

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George Washington became the commander

乔治·华盛顿成为了指挥官。

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He led the soldiers through almost ten years of fighting, moving from colony to colony, until all the important areas were won

他带领士兵们进行了近十年的战斗，从一个殖民地辗转至另一个殖民地，直到攻占了所有重要地区。

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When the war ended, the colonists, who were now Americans, asked him to be their first president."

战争结束后，那些已成为美国人的殖民者们，请他担任他们的第一任总统。”

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" I couldn't have said it better," Grandpa said proudly

“说得太好了，”爷爷自豪地说。

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" Now tell me something else you learned today," he said." Something that really interested you."

“现在跟我说说你今天学到的其他东西，”他说，“你真正感兴趣的东西。”

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Laurie thought a moment." The story of Tempe Wick."

劳里想了一会儿。“坦佩·威克的故事。”

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" Tempe Wick? That sounds like a story I don't know."

“坦佩·威克？听起来是个我不知道的故事。”

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" Tempe Wick was a colonial girl who lived on her family's farm, called Wick Farm, in New Jersey

坦佩·威克是个殖民地时期的女孩，住在新泽西州她家的农场里，农场叫威克农场。

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Tempe loved horses and wasn't afraid of anything

坦佩喜欢马，而且什么都不怕。

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She was also a proud patriot who believed in the Revolution

她还是一位自豪的爱国者，坚信这场革命。

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During the war, Washington sent thirteen thousand soldiers to the woods around Wick Farm

战争期间，华盛顿派遣了一万三千名士兵前往威克农场周围的树林。

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They cleared the land and built log cabins to live in

他们清理了土地，建起木屋居住。

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But winter in New Jersey was cold and snowy

但新泽西的冬天寒冷多雪。

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The soldiers were freezing, hungry, and tired

士兵们又冷又饿，疲惫不堪。

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The war seemed like it would never end. Sometimes the soldiers were bad

战争似乎永无尽头。有时士兵们会做坏事。

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They stole food from nearby farms, and demanded that people give their best horses to them

他们从附近的农场偷食物，还强迫人们交出最好的马匹。

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One day Tempe was out riding her favorite horse, Colonel, when some Continental soldiers stopped her

一天，坦佩正骑着她心爱的马“上校”外出，几名大陆军士兵拦住了她。

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They had just rebelled against their general and were abandoning their camp

他们刚刚反抗了自己的将军，正要弃营地而去。

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They told her that Colonel was a beautiful horse

他们告诉她，“上校”是一匹漂亮的马。

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Then they grabbed his reins and said they wanted him!

然后他们抓住缰绳，说要他的马！

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But Tempe didn't give in to their bullying

但坦佩没有屈服于他们的欺凌。

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She didn't even get off her horse

她甚至根本没下马。

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As soon as they let go of the reins, she galloped away!

他们一松开缰绳，她就策马飞奔而去！

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Tempe knew the soldiers were following her

坦佩知道那些士兵在跟着她。

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She was sure they'd come to the farm and take Colonel away

她确信他们会来农场，把“上校”带走。

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So she made a plan to fool the soldiers

于是她想了一个骗过那些士兵的计划。

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Instead of putting Colonel in the stable, she led him into her bedroom!

她没有把“上校”牵进马厩，而是把它带进了她的卧室！

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When the soldiers came to search the farm, they never thought to look in the house

那些士兵来搜查农场时，从没想过要到屋子里找。

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The soldiers left empty-handed, and Tempe Wick got to keep her dear Colonel."

士兵们空手而归，坦佩·威克保住了她心爱的‘上校’。”

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Laurie smiled." And I got to see her beautiful red cape!

劳里笑了。“我还看到了她那件漂亮的红斗篷！

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The very same cape she wore that winter

就是她那年冬天穿的那一件。

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I can just imagine her riding through the woods like Little Red Riding Hood."

我都能想象她像小红帽一样骑着马穿过树林的样子。”

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Grandpa laughed loudly and clapped." That's a great story!" he said

爷爷大声笑着拍起手来。“这故事真棒！”他说。

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" I like it because it's about a young girl like you

“我喜欢它，因为它讲的是一个像你这样的年轻女孩。

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She was proud to support the Continental soldiers, but she was also brave enough to stand up to them when they did something wrong."

她为支持大陆军士兵而自豪，但当他们做错事时，她也足够勇敢地去反抗他们。”

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" Kind of like how the colonists stood up to the British," Laurie said

“有点像当年殖民者反抗英国人的样子，”劳里说。

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" They were courageous, proud of their colonies, and fought to protect their rights."

“他们勇敢无畏，为他们的殖民地感到骄傲，并为保卫自己的权利而战。”

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" Exactly," Grandpa agreed." You told that story very well, Laurie."

“完全正确，”爷爷赞同道。“那个故事你讲得非常好，劳里。”

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" Thanks, Grandpa."

“谢谢，爷爷。”

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" No, thank you — my little historian."

“不，谢谢你——我的小历史学家。”