046 梵蒂冈

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Vatican City is the smallest country in the world

梵蒂冈城国是世界上最小的国家。

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It is so small that it has only nine hundred inhabitants

它小到只有九百名居民。

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However, it has everything a country needs: a police force, a newspaper, a postal service, large palaces, and even a leader

然而，它拥有一个国家所需的一切：警察部队、一份报纸、邮政服务、宏伟的宫殿，甚至还有一位领袖。

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But the palaces were made for God, not for people

但这些宫殿是为上帝而建，不是为人而建。

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And the leader, who is called the pope, is a religious leader, not a rich warrior

而这位被称作教皇的领袖，是一位宗教领袖，不是富有的战士。

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I am Sister Anna. A sister is a nun, a woman who spends her life praying and helping other people

我是安娜修女。修女是终其一生祈祷并帮助他人的女性。

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Here at the Vatican, I also have a job

在梵蒂冈这里，我也有一份工作。

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I am a Vatican librarian, so I take care of some of the oldest and rarest books in the world

我是一名梵蒂冈图书管理员，所以我照管着一些世界上最古老、最稀有的书籍。

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The Vatican is almost two thousand years old. Jesus' favorite and most faithful follower was Peter, who we call St. Peter

梵蒂冈已有近两千年的历史。耶稣最喜爱、最忠实的追随者是彼得，我们称他为圣彼得。

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After Jesus died, St. Peter worked very hard to tell people about Jesus and convince them to become Christians

耶稣去世后，圣彼得非常努力地向人们讲述耶稣，说服他们成为基督徒。

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But at that time, Christians were persecuted

但在当时，基督徒是受迫害的。

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So in the year 64, St. Peter was killed and buried in a graveyard called the Vatican

因此，在公元64年，圣彼得被杀，并安葬在一个叫梵蒂冈的墓地里。

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When more people became Christians, they decided to build a large church on the site where St. Peter was buried

当更多人成为基督徒后，他们决定在圣彼得安葬的地方建一座大教堂。

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They called this church St. Peter's Basilica

他们称这座教堂为圣彼得大教堂。

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St. Peter's Basilica was Christianity's most important church

圣彼得大教堂是基督教最重要的教堂，

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and soon after it was built, it became the official residence of the pope, who is the spiritual leader for all Catholics in the world

建成后不久，它就成了教皇的正式住所。教皇是全世界所有天主教徒的精神领袖。

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By 1506 St. Peter's Basilica was falling apart

到了1506年，圣彼得大教堂已变得破旧不堪。

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It was also too small for all the church officials and priests who worked there

对于所有在里面工作的教会官员和神父来说，它也显得太小了。

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So Pope Julius II decided to build a new St. Peter's Basilica that would be the greatest and most impressive church in the world

因此，教皇尤利乌斯二世决定建造一座新的、将成为世界上最伟大、最令人印象深刻的圣彼得大教堂。

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Eventually in 1546, Michelangelo, a very famous artist, was hired to oversee the building of the new church

最终在1546年，著名的艺术家米开朗基罗受聘来监督这座新教堂的建造。

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Look! This is what he built. The most remarkable part of the basilica is the dome, which is 42 meters tall

看！这就是他建造的。大教堂最引人注目的部分是穹顶，高达42米。

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But a very strange thing happened while the new church was being built

但在新教堂建造期间，发生了一件非常奇怪的事。

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The location of St. Peter's gravesite was forgotten

圣彼得坟墓的位置被遗忘了。

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After many years, people began to wonder whether St. Peter really was buried in the basilica

多年后，人们开始怀疑圣彼得是否真的被埋葬在大教堂里。

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Some people said that it was just an old legend and that it was never true

一些人说这只是一个古老的传说，从未真实过。

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But in 1939 workers who were repairing the basement made an incredible discovery

但在1939年，正在维修地下室的工人们有了一个惊人的发现。

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They found a gravesite, and in it was the body of St. Peter

他们发现了一座坟墓，里面是圣彼得的遗体。

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To protect St. Peter's Basilica and the pope, the Vatican has the smallest army in the world

为了保护圣彼得大教堂和教宗，梵蒂冈拥有世界上最袖珍的军队。

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Our army, the Swiss Guard, has been the defender of the Vatican for the last five hundred years

我们的军队——瑞士卫队，在过去五百年里一直是梵蒂冈的守护者。

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Even though they still wear very old-fashioned uniforms, they are excellent guards

尽管他们仍然穿着非常老式的制服，但他们是出色的卫兵。

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In order to join this army, you must be from Switzerland, be a Catholic, and be at least 173 centimeters tall

要加入这支军队，你必须来自瑞士，是天主教徒，而且身高至少173厘米。

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Today there are about one hundred guards who dedicate their lives to the protection of the pope

如今大约有一百名卫兵，终生致力于保护教宗。

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One incredible thing about these guards is that they can stand still without even blinking an eye for hours at a time

这些卫兵有一个不可思议之处，就是能连续几小时站着不动，甚至眼睛都不眨一下。

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In fact, some people think they look like statues

事实上，有些人觉得他们看起来像雕像。

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Another remarkable part of the Vatican is the Sistine Chapel

梵蒂冈另一个非凡的地方是西斯廷教堂。

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This small church was built between 1475 and 1483

这座小教堂建于1475年至1483年间。

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On the outside, it looks like a very simple, rectangle-shaped church, but the ceiling inside is covered with beautiful paintings by Michelangelo

从外面看，它像一座非常简朴的长方形教堂，但里面的天花板上布满了米开朗基罗创作的美丽画作。

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In order to paint the ceiling, Michelangelo had to lie on his back and paint with his hands above his body

为了画这些天花板，米开朗基罗必须仰躺着，将手举在身体上方作画。

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It took him a total of six years to complete all the pictures

他总共花了六年时间才完成所有画作。

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These paintings have become world-famous. The pope uses the Sistine Chapel on special occasions

这些画作已闻名于世。教宗在特殊场合使用西斯廷教堂。

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Since the time of St. Peter, the Catholic Church has always had a pope

自圣彼得时代以来，天主教会始终有一位教宗。

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When a pope dies, the other spiritual leaders called cardinals come to the Vatican to choose the new leader

当一位教宗去世，被称为枢机主教的众位神长便来到梵蒂冈，推选新的领袖。

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When they arrive, they are locked inside the Vatican until they elect a new pope

他们抵达后，就被关在梵蒂冈里面，直到选出新的教宗为止。

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Every day the cardinals go into the Sistine Chapel to pray and think about which cardinal should be the next pope

枢机主教们每天进入西斯廷教堂祈祷，并思考哪位枢机应该成为下一任教宗。

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At the end of the day, they vote

一天结束时，他们进行投票。

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Each cardinal writes a name on a piece of paper

每位枢机主教在一张纸上写下一个名字。

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If they do not agree on a new pope that day, they throw the pieces of paper into the chapel fire and put some water on the fire

如果当天他们没有就新教宗达成一致，就把这些纸片投进教堂的火里，然后往火上浇些水。

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Because of the water, the people watching outside see black smoke rise from the chimney

因为有水，在外面观望的人们会看到烟囱升起黑烟。

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The black smoke tells them that the cardinals have not chosen a new pope

黑烟告诉大家，枢机主教们还没有选出新教宗。

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When the cardinals finally agree, they burn the pieces of paper without putting water on the fire. That way the smoke is white

当枢机主教们最终达成一致，他们烧掉纸片，但不往火上浇水。这样烟就是白色的。

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When the people see the white smoke, they cheer and applaud because they know that a new pope has been elected

看到白烟，人们便欢呼鼓掌，因为他们知道新教宗已经选出来了。

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The new pope changes from his black and red cardinal's clothing to the white robes of the pope

新教宗脱下黑红色的枢机主教服，换上教宗的白色长袍。

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Then he comes out and greets the people

然后他走出来，向人们致意。

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The new pope leaves his home and moves here to the Vatican

新教宗离开自己的家，迁居到这梵蒂冈。

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He becomes the spiritual leader to over one billion Catholics around the world

他成为全世界超过十亿天主教徒的灵性领袖。