042 拉什莫尔山

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Welcome to Mount Rushmore! My name is George Washington

欢迎来到拉什莫尔山！我叫乔治·华盛顿。

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I'm Thomas Jefferson. My name is Abraham Lincoln

我是托马斯·杰斐逊。我是亚伯拉罕·林肯。

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And I'm Theodore Roosevelt. We are the presidents of Mount Rushmore

我是西奥多·罗斯福。我们是拉什莫尔山的总统们。

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Over fifty years ago, our faces were carved into these rocks here in the western state of South Dakota

五十多年前，我们的面孔被雕刻在南达科他州西部的这些岩石上。

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You may be asking how the four of us got here

你们可能想知道，我们四个人是怎么来到这里的。

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Well, that is a long story that began in December of 1923 with a man named Doane Robinson

嗯，这说来话长，故事始于1923年12月，和一个叫多恩·罗宾逊的人有关。

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Doane Robinson was a true lover of American history

多恩·罗宾逊是一位真正的美国历史爱好者。

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His dream was to capture western American history in the rocks of South Dakota in a way that had never been done before

他的梦想是以一种前所未有的方式，把美国西部的历史刻在南达科他州的岩石上。

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He wanted to create a memorial that would make South Dakota famous

他想建造一座纪念碑，让南达科他州出名。

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You see, before our faces were put here, many people had never even heard of South Dakota, let alone come here for a vacation

你看，在我们的面孔刻到这里之前，很多人甚至没听说过南达科他州，更别说来这里度假了。

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But Robinson believed that people would love the mountains of South Dakota if there were something exciting to look at

但罗宾逊相信，如果有激动人心的景观可看，人们就会爱上南达科他州的山。

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Robinson talked to everyone he knew and told them about his great plan

罗宾逊跟他认识的每个人交谈，告诉了他们他的伟大计划。

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Of course, some people laughed at him and said that his plan was foolish, but many others listened to him

当然，有些人嘲笑他，说他的计划很傻，但也有许多人听取了他的意见。

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They agreed that carving the faces of famous Americans would be a great historical monument for the United States

他们一致认为，雕刻美国名人的面孔将为美国树立一座伟大的历史纪念碑

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and would bring many tourists to their small state

并给他们的小州带来许多游客。

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Within a few months, Robinson had convinced many important men, and they decided to start the project

几个月内，罗宾逊就说动了许多重要人物，他们决定启动这个项目。

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Robinson found the only man in America that could do the job

罗宾逊找到了美国唯一能完成这项工作的人。

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His name was Gutzon Borglum. He was the most famous American artist and sculptor at that time

他的名字是古兹通·博格勒姆。他是当时美国最著名的艺术家和雕塑家。

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When Gutzon heard about this project, he was very excited and boarded the first train for South Dakota

古兹通听说这个项目后非常兴奋，立刻搭上了去南达科他州的第一班火车。

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Robinson was thinking about carving the faces of Western heroes, such as General George Armstrong Custer, Buffalo Bill Cody, or Lewis and Clark

罗宾逊原本考虑雕刻西部英雄的面孔，例如乔治·阿姆斯特朗·卡斯特将军、野牛比尔·科迪，或刘易斯和克拉克。

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However, when Gutzon Borglum arrived

然而，当古兹通·博格勒姆到达后，

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he told Robinson that he wished to carve the faces of more remarkable Americans that would illustrate the history of our country

他告诉罗宾逊，他想雕刻更杰出美国人的面孔，来展现我们国家的历史。

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Naturally, he was thinking about the four of us

自然，他想到的是我们四个。

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There are many mountains in South Dakota, but most of them were not suitable to carve our faces into

南达科他州有很多山，但大多数都不适合雕刻我们的面孔。

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On some mountains, the rock was too soft or it had too many cracks in it

有些山上的岩石太软，或者裂缝太多。

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In other places, there was not enough sunlight, so our faces would always be in shadow. Gutzon searched for the perfect location

其他地方则光照不足，我们的脸会一直处在阴影中。古兹通寻找着完美的地点。

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Then one day Gutzon came to a tall cliff that was surrounded by pine trees

后来有一天，古兹通来到一处高耸的悬崖，那里被松树环绕。

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The name of the mountain was Mount Rushmore, near the little town of Keystone

这座山的名字叫拉什莫尔山，就在基斯通小镇附近。

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The rock was flat and hard, and it had the perfect amount of sunlight

那里的岩石平坦坚硬，而且光照恰到好处。

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" Here is the place!" Gutzon cried." I will carve America's history here."

"就是这里了！"古兹通喊道。"我要在这里雕刻美国的历史。"

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It took Gutzon Borglum and 400 men almost 14 years to carve our faces into these rocks

古兹通·博格勒姆和400名工人花了将近14年时间，才把我们的脸雕刻在这些岩石上。

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The workmen were miners who had spent their lives smashing rocks, so at first many of them considered it to be a normal job

这些工人都是矿工，一生都在砸石头，所以起初很多人觉得这只是份普通的工作。

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Since they were poor, they were happy to earn money to buy food for their families

因为贫穷，能挣钱为家人购买食物，他们感到很高兴。

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But as our faces began to appear, they became much more excited about their work

但随着我们的面孔开始显现，他们对这份工作变得兴奋得多。

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They were not simply making money; they knew they were building American history

他们不只是在挣钱；他们知道自己正在创造美国的历史。

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Norman Anderson was one of the carvers that helped make our faces look true to life

诺曼·安德森是帮助我们面容显得栩栩如生的雕刻师之一。

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He was proud to say," I put the curl in Lincoln's beard, the part in Teddy's hair, and the twinkle in Washington's eye."

他自豪地说："我给林肯的胡须加了卷，替泰迪的头发分了缝，还给华盛顿的眼睛添了神采。"

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But how did these workmen make us look so lifelike?

但这些工人是如何把我们雕刻得如此逼真的呢？

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First, Gutzon made a statue of each of us, which he brought to the construction site

首先，古兹通为我们每个人都做了一尊雕像，并带到工地上。

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Then, using special measurement instruments, the workmen made an exact copy of the statues in the rock

然后，工人们使用特殊的测量工具，在岩石上精确复制出这些雕像。

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The only difference was that the rock carving was 12 times bigger than the statues

唯一的区别是，岩石雕刻是雕像的12倍大。

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A protractor was placed at the top of the statues' heads and a bigger one near the top of the mountain

一个量角器被放置在雕像头顶，一个更大的量角器则放在山顶附近。

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To make Lincoln's eye, for example

例如，要雕刻林肯的眼睛，

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the workers would use a string attached to the protractor on the statue to measure the distance from the top of his head to the top of his eye

工人会用一根系在雕像量角器上的线，测量从他头顶到眼睛上方的距离。

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Then they would use a string attached to the protractor on the mountain that was 12 times longer

然后，他们会用一根系在山上的量角器上、长达12倍的线。

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Gutzon Borglum died just before our faces were completed, so he never got to see his final masterpiece

古兹通·博格勒姆就在我们的面孔即将完成前去世了，所以他未能看到他最后的杰作。

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But his son, Lincoln Borglum, and the workmen spent one more year finishing this great piece of American history, which is now called Mount Rushmore

但他的儿子林肯·博格勒姆和工人们又花了一年时间，完成了这部伟大的美国历史作品，也就是现在所称的拉什莫尔山。