030 伦敦地铁的故事

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New York, Paris, Tokyo, Moscow, Seoul, Beijing, Delhi — more than 150 cities around the world have subways

纽约、巴黎、东京、莫斯科、首尔、北京、德里——全球超过150个城市都有地铁。

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A subway is an electric underground railway

地铁是一种电动地下铁路。

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It makes it easy to get around downtown and connects a city to the suburbs

它使市区出行变得便捷，并将城市与郊区相连。

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The oldest subway, and one of the biggest, is the London Tube

最古老、最大的地铁之一是伦敦地铁（Tube）。

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The London subway is called the Tube because its tunnels are narrow and round like a tube

伦敦地铁被称为“管子”，因为它的隧道又窄又圆，像一根管子。

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In fact, its tunnels are the smallest in the world, but the Tube is one of the longest subways, with 391 kilometers of track

实际上，它的隧道是世界上最窄的，但伦敦地铁也是最长的地铁之一，铁轨长达391公里。

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The Tube was the world's first underground rail system

伦敦地铁是世界上第一个地下铁路系统。

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It was built in 1863. But why did the city of London decide to build a railway underground?

它建于1863年。可是伦敦市为什么决定在地下修建铁路呢？

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Well, in those days, the streets of London were very busy and dirty!

嗯，那时候伦敦的街道非常拥挤肮脏！

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Back then, the cheapest way to get around town was the omnibus — a horse-drawn bus

当时，市区最便宜的出行方式是公共马车——一种马拉的公交车。

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Twenty people could sit inside an omnibus, but it wasn't a pleasant experience

公共马车里能坐下二十个人，但乘坐体验并不愉快。

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It was crowded, and there was dirty straw on the floor

车厢里拥挤不堪，地板上还铺着脏兮兮的稻草。

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People complained a lot about riding in an omnibus

人们对乘坐公共马车怨声载道。

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So in 1836 the London Times newspaper published suggestions to make the journey more pleasant

于是，1836年《伦敦时报》刊登了一些让旅途更愉快的建议。

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They included: 1. Sit up straight and don't take the space of two people

这些建议包括：1. 坐直身子，别一个人占两个人的位置。

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2. Do not sit on the straw. You are not in a pigsty

2. 别坐在稻草上，你又不是在猪圈里。

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3. If you have a dog, make sure it is small and has a leash

3. 如果带了狗，确保它体型小，并且拴好狗绳。

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4. Do not bring large parcelsㅡan omnibus is not a van

4. 不要携带大件包裹——公共马车不是货车。

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5. Don't expect the omnibus conductor to have change; he is not a banker

5. 别指望售票员给你找零钱，他又不是银行家。

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6. Don't act like you are better than other passengers

6. 不要表现得比其他乘客高人一等。

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If you can afford to ride a private horse and carriage, then do so!

如果你能坐得起私人马车，那就坐吧！

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Riding inside the omnibus may have been bad, but stepping out of the bus and onto the London streets was even worse

坐在公共马车里可能已经够糟了，但下车踏上伦敦的街道更糟。

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With thousands of horses trotting along, the streets were filled with — you guessed it — horse poo!

成千上万匹马哒哒走过，街上满是——你猜对了——马粪！

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The horse dung was so bad that people, often children, worked as crossing sweepers

马粪问题太严重，于是有人——常常是孩子——干起了过街清扫工。

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Their job was to sweep in front of rich people as they crossed the road

他们的工作是在富人过马路时，在前面清扫路面。

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You can imagine that if people could avoid traveling in the streets, they would!

你可以想象，要是能不在街上走，人们求之不得！

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So when the Tube started in the late 1800s, it was a great success!

所以，19 世纪末地铁一开通，就大获成功！

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Back then, the first Tube carriages were long, narrow, and had no windows

那时候，最早的地铁车厢又长又窄，还没有窗户。

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The Tube's original designers thought there was nothing to see in a tunnel, so why have windows?

地铁最初的设计者觉得隧道里没什么可看的，要窗户做什么？

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By the twentieth century, the Tube had expanded all over London

到了 20 世纪，地铁已经遍布整个伦敦。

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During World War I and World War II, Londoners used the Tube stations as bomb shelters

一战和二战期间，伦敦人把地铁站当作防空洞。

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London was one of the worst-bombed cities during World War II

伦敦是二战中受轰炸最严重的城市之一。

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People would buy tickets and never come out, because the Tube station was the safest place to be

人们买了票就不出来，因为地铁站是最安全的地方。

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From 1939 to 1945, nearly 63 million people stayed in 79 of London's Tube stations

从 1939 年到 1945 年，将近 6300 万人留宿在伦敦的 79 个地铁站里。

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Restaurants and libraries were set up underground, and performers entertained people

地下开起了餐厅和图书馆，还有表演者给大家带来娱乐。

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Even with modern technology, the Tube still has problems

即使有了现代科技，地铁仍有问题。

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There's always the danger of flooding from the Thames River

始终有泰晤士河水患的危险。

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After giant flood gates were built in 1984, flooding greatly decreased, but some Tube stations still get flooded during thunderstorms

1984 年建起巨型防洪闸门后，水淹大大减少，但雷暴天有些地铁站仍会被淹。

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In the summers it is very hot inside a Tube carriage, and air conditioners can't be installed for two reasons

夏天，地铁车厢里非常热，而空调没法安装，原因有二。

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First, they give off too much heat, and second, the carriages are too small

第一，空调散热量太大；第二，车厢太小了。

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The mayor of London offered a reward of ten thousand pounds for a solution to this problem!

伦敦市长为这个问题的解决方案悬赏了一万英镑！

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If you ever go to London, make sure you take the Tube!

如果你去伦敦，一定要坐一回地铁！

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Look for a round red sign and go down the stairs

找一个圆圆的红色标志，然后走下楼梯。

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Buy a ticket, wait on the narrow platform, then get on the Tube — and remember you're sitting inside a part of London's history!

买张票，在狭窄的站台上等候，然后上地铁——记住，你正坐在伦敦历史的一角里！