028 爷爷的葡萄园

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Bonjour! My name is Sophie, and I live in France

你好！我叫苏菲，我住在法国。

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Today I am visiting my grandfather at his vineyard where he grows grapes for making wine

今天我去看望祖父，他有个葡萄园，种葡萄用来酿酒。

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Wine is made from grapes and contains alcohol

葡萄酒是用葡萄酿造的，含有酒精。

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I can't drink wine because I'm too young

我不能喝酒，因为我年纪太小了。

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I can tell you how it is made because my grandfather makes wine!

我可以告诉你它是怎么酿的，因为我祖父就酿酒！

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Today adults drink wine with dinner at home or in a restaurant, but wine has a long history

如今成年人在家或餐厅里晚餐时喝葡萄酒，但葡萄酒历史非常悠久。

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Archaeologists discovered wine jugs in Iran that were seven thousand years old

考古学家在伊朗发现了七千年前的葡萄酒罐。

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In Ancient Egypt the pharaohs were buried with wine so they could drink wine in the afterlife

在古埃及，法老们下葬时会陪葬葡萄酒，以便在来世也能喝到。

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The ancient Greeks and Romans drank wine mixed with water and used wine in religious ceremonies

古希腊人和古罗马人喝兑水的葡萄酒，也在宗教仪式中使用葡萄酒。

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When the Roman Empire expanded, the Romans brought wine grapes to France, Italy, Spain, and Germany

随着罗马帝国扩张，罗马人将酿酒葡萄带到了法国、意大利、西班牙和德国。

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From the fifth century until the Middle Ages, Christian monks were the main winemakers of Europe

从五世纪直到中世纪，基督教修士是欧洲主要的酿酒者。

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The monks made wine at the monasteries where they lived

修士们在居住的修道院里酿酒。

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They improved the quality of wine and developed better methods for making wine

他们提高了葡萄酒的品质，并开发了更好的酿酒方法。

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Making wine is not difficult, but you need lots of patience

酿酒并不难，但需要极大的耐心。

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It takes at least a year before the wine is ready!

葡萄酒至少要一年才能酿好！

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Let me tell you how my grandfather makes wine

让我告诉你我祖父是怎么酿酒的吧。

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First Grandfather grows the grapes in cool weather with lots of sun

首先，祖父会在凉爽且阳光充足的天气里种植葡萄。

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In France where we live, the weather is perfect for growing grapes

在法国我们居住的地方，天气十分适合葡萄生长。

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Grapes grow on vines, and the field where the grapes grow is called a vineyard

葡萄长在藤上，种植葡萄的田地叫作葡萄园。

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When the grapes are ripe, Grandfather harvests the grapes from the vines

当葡萄成熟时，祖父就从藤上采收葡萄。

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He takes them to the winery and puts them in a huge vat

他把葡萄送到酿酒厂，放进一个大缸里。

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The ripe grapes are juicy and sweet and full of sugar

成熟的葡萄多汁甘甜，富含糖分。

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The next step is to crush the grapes

下一步是压碎葡萄。

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A long time ago, people used their feet to crush the grapes

很久以前，人们用脚来踩碎葡萄。

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They would climb into the vat with bare feet and jump and stomp until the grapes were crushed

他们会光着脚爬进大缸里，跳啊踩啊，直到葡萄被压碎。

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Boy, that sounds like fun, and very messy too!

天哪，听起来真有趣，不过也太脏了！

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My grandfather uses a machine to crush the grapes

我祖父用的是机器来压碎葡萄。

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Crushing the grapes breaks the skins and turns them into a wet, juicy pulp

压碎葡萄会打破果皮，把它们变成湿漉漉的多汁果肉。

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Over the next few days, yeast on the grape skins causes the wine to ferment

接下来的几天里，葡萄皮上的酵母会让葡萄酒发酵。

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When the wine ferments, the sugar in the grapes changes to alcohol

葡萄酒发酵时，葡萄中的糖分会转化为酒精。

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The juice and pulp in the vat will begin to fizz

大桶里的果汁和果肉会开始冒泡。

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After a week the fizzing subsides. Now my grandfather must separate the liquid from the skins, pulp, and seeds

一周后，冒泡现象会平息。现在，我祖父必须把液体与果皮、果肉和果籽分离开来。

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He uses a machine called a winepress, and then he pours the wine into barrels

他使用一种叫做葡萄酒压榨机的机器，然后把葡萄酒倒入木桶中。

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Until now, the wine has been open to the air

到目前为止，葡萄酒一直与空气接触。

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But now the barrels are sealed to keep the air away from the wine

但是现在，这些木桶被封住，让空气远离葡萄酒。

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Three weeks later the fermentation is finally complete

三周后，发酵终于完成了。

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Now the wine is ready for the final step. This step is called racking

现在，葡萄酒可以进行最后一步了。这一步叫做倒桶。

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My grandfather filters the leftover yeast, grape seeds, and grape skins from the wine, and scrapes the barrel clean

我祖父从葡萄酒中滤出残留的酵母、葡萄籽和葡萄皮，并把木桶刮干净。

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Then he pours the wine back into the barrel and seals it airtight

然后，他把葡萄酒倒回桶里，并密封起来，使其不透气。

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The barrels of wine are stored in a cool, dark place

这些桶装的葡萄酒被存放在一个阴凉、黑暗的地方。

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Four months later, Grandfather racks the wine one more time

四个月后，祖父再次对葡萄酒进行倒桶。

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Now the wine is perfectly clear. Grandfather puts the barrels away in a cool, dark place again and leaves them for a whole year!

现在葡萄酒非常清澈。祖父再次把木桶收进阴凉、黑暗的地方，并放置整整一年！

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My grandfather keeps his barrels of wine in the cellar

我祖父把他的桶装葡萄酒存放在酒窖里。

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One year later, the wine is ready!

一年后，葡萄酒准备好了！

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Sometimes vineyards wait two years or longer before they sell their wine, and some wines are kept for decades

有时，葡萄园会等上两年或更久才出售他们的葡萄酒，而有些酒会被存放数十年。

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People say that wine gets better with age

人们说，酒越陈越香。

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The wine is poured into bottles, and each bottle is plugged with a cork to prevent air getting in

葡萄酒被灌入瓶中，每瓶都用软木塞堵住，以防止空气进入。

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Corks are made from the bark of the cork tree, which grows mainly in Portugal

软木塞是由栓皮栎的树皮制成的，这种树主要生长在葡萄牙。

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Cork is very elastic, but it is also airtight. It is ideal for wine bottles

软木非常有弹性，同时也不透气。它对于葡萄酒瓶来说非常理想。

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France is famous for its wine, and many tourists visit France just to tour the wineries

法国以其葡萄酒闻名，许多游客访问法国只是为了参观那里的酒庄。

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However, wine grapes are grown in warm climates all over the world

然而，酿酒葡萄在世界各地温暖的气候下都有种植。

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France and Italy have the oldest wineries, but Australia, New Zealand, Chile, South Africa, and California are all famous for their wine as well

法国和意大利拥有最古老的酒庄，但澳大利亚、新西兰、智利、南非和加利福尼亚也以他们的葡萄酒而闻名。

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Now I will help Grandfather get the wine ready for the stores

现在，我将帮助祖父准备好在商店出售的葡萄酒。

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First, we put fancy labels on the bottles

首先，我们给酒瓶贴上精美的标签。

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Then, we put the wine bottles into boxes

然后，我们把酒瓶装入箱子里。

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Tomorrow a truck will pick up the boxes and take them to restaurants, bars, supermarkets, and wine stores

明天，一辆卡车会来提取这些箱子，并把它们送到餐馆、酒吧、超市和葡萄酒商店。

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Thank you for visiting my grandfather's vineyard

谢谢你参观我祖父的葡萄园。

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Now you know everything about making wine

现在，你了解了关于酿造葡萄酒的一切。

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Next time you can help us harvest the grapes!

下次你可以帮我们收获葡萄！