068 植物适应性

旁白 neutral

It's not easy being a plant

当植物可不容易。

旁白 neutral

Plants are often on the dinner menu for hungry animals and insects

植物常常是饥饿动物和昆虫的盘中餐。

旁白 neutral

Reproducing can be a challenge

繁殖也可能是个难题。

旁白 neutral

Sometimes there aren't enough nutrients in the soil for plants to eat

有时土壤中的养分不够植物摄取。

旁白 neutral

So how have plants survived?

那么植物是如何生存下来的呢？

旁白 neutral

They've adapted!

它们适应了！

旁白 neutral

Over millions of years, they've found unique ways to survive

在数百万年的时间里，它们找到了独特的生存方式。

旁白 neutral

Plants can't run from insects or other animals that are trying to eat them

植物无法从试图吃掉它们的昆虫或其他动物面前逃跑。

旁白 neutral

But some plants can hide

但有些植物可以躲藏。

旁白 neutral

They don't jump behind trees or scurry under rocks

它们不会跳到树后或钻到石头下。

旁白 neutral

Instead they use camouflage to hide from predators

相反，它们利用伪装来躲避捕食者。

旁白 neutral

These plants have a natural shape or color that helps them blend

in with their surroundings.

旁白 neutral

The Lithops plant has an amazing way to hide itself — it looks like stones!

生石花有一种奇妙的隐藏方式——它看起来像石头！

旁白 neutral

These plants can be found in southern Africa where it is very dry

这些植物可以在非常干燥的非洲南部找到。

旁白 neutral

Lithops is a succulent

生石花是一种多肉植物。

旁白 neutral

Succulents are plants with thick leaves that can store a lot of water

多肉植物是叶子肥厚、能储存大量水分的植物。

旁白 neutral

Cactuses and aloe plants are also succulents

仙人掌和芦荟也是多肉植物。

旁白 neutral

Succulents usually live in deserts, where water is scarce

多肉植物通常生活在缺水的沙漠中。

旁白 neutral

During the rainy season, Lithops' leaves push up from the soil

雨季时，生石花的叶子从土壤中钻出来。

旁白 neutral

They soak up lots of water and become round like stones

它们吸收大量水分，变得像石头一样圆滚滚的。

旁白 neutral

Since the leaves look like rocks, animals leave them alone, letting

them hide in plain sight!

旁白 neutral

Lithops' leaves have a small slit on top

生石花的叶片顶部有一条小缝隙。

旁白 neutral

When blooms appear, they grow from the slit

当花朵出现时，它们会从那道缝隙中长出来。

旁白 neutral

It looks just like the blooms are growing between two stones

看起来就像是花朵从两块石头之间长出来。

旁白 neutral

Some plants don't try to hide

有些植物并不试图躲藏。

旁白 neutral

The titan arum is too big to use camouflage to blend in

巨魔芋体型太大，无法用伪装来融入环境。

旁白 neutral

Its blooms are usually about two-and-a-half meters tall

它的花朵通常大约有两米半高。

旁白 neutral

That makes it one of the largest flowers in the world

这使它成为世界上最大的花之一。

旁白 neutral

This plant has a special adaptation to help it with reproduction: it stinks!

这种植物有一种特殊的适应能力来帮助它繁殖：它会发出恶臭！

旁白 neutral

The titan arum's enormous blossoms smell like dung or rotting flesh

巨魔芋巨大的花朵闻起来像粪肥或腐肉。

旁白 neutral

This is really gross to humans, but it's not gross to flies

这对人类来说真的很恶心，但对苍蝇来说并不恶心。

旁白 neutral

Titan arum plants live in Indonesia's warm, wet rainforests

巨魔芋生长在印度尼西亚温暖潮湿的雨林中。

旁白 neutral

When it blooms, the stems of the plant grow warm

当它开花时，植株的茎会变热。

旁白 neutral

That helps spread its smell far and wide

这有助于将它的气味传播到四面八方。

旁白 neutral

When flies smell the blossoms, they come and walk on the flowers

当苍蝇闻到花香时，它们就会飞来，在花朵上爬行。

旁白 neutral

Bits of pollen stick to their legs

一些花粉会粘在它们的腿上。

旁白 neutral

Then the flies travel to other titan arum flowers, spreading the pollen

and helping the titan arum reproduce.

旁白 neutral

Even though the plant blooms only once every few years, this stinky

adaptation is key to the species' survival.

旁白 neutral

Like humans, plants need to eat to survive

和人类一样，植物也需要“吃饭”才能生存。

旁白 neutral

Most plants simply get their nutrients from soil

大多数植物直接从土壤中获取养分。

旁白 neutral

But soil in environments like swamps and marshes has few nutrients

但在沼泽和湿地等环境中，土壤里的养分很少。

旁白 neutral

So certain plants that live in these environments have become carnivores

因此，生活在这些环境中的某些植物就变成了食肉植物。

旁白 neutral

That's right — they eat meat!

没错，它们吃肉！

旁白 neutral

Some carnivorous plants have sticky leaves that trap insects

that land on them.

旁白 neutral

Others have slippery leaves

另外一些则有光滑的叶子。

旁白 neutral

Insects slide down the leaves into a pool of the plants' digestive juices

昆虫会顺着叶子滑下去，掉进植物的一池消化液中。

旁白 neutral

Usually carnivorous plants eat insects, but sometimes they

eat small frogs or mammals.

旁白 neutral

Venus flytraps are probably the most well-known carnivorous plants

捕蝇草可能是最广为人知的食肉植物了。

旁白 neutral

They live in the swamps of the southeastern United States

它们生活在美国东南部的沼泽中。

旁白 neutral

They have pairs of leaves with small hairs on them

它们有成对的叶子，上面长着细小的绒毛。

旁白 neutral

When an insect touches these hairs, the two leaves snap shut

trapping the insect inside.

旁白 neutral

Then the plant digests the insect

接着，植物会消化掉这只昆虫。

旁白 neutral

This can take a flytrap a week or longer

这个过程可能需要捕蝇草花费一周或更长时间。

旁白 neutral

But eventually it gets the nutrients it needs

但它最终会获得所需的养分。

旁白 neutral

Staying safe, reproducing, and getting enough nutrients can

be challenging for plants.

旁白 neutral

But plants are tough and have adapted to survive

但植物很顽强，并且已经适应了环境，得以生存。

旁白 neutral

The next time you see a plant, take a look and see how it has

adapted to its environment.

旁白 neutral

You might find something pretty cool — or weird!

你可能会发现一些很酷，甚至有点奇怪的东西哦！