032 没有时间玩耍

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My name is William Crabtree. I was a young boy in England in the year 1800

我叫威廉·克拉布特里，是 1800 年生活在英格兰的一个小男孩。

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In those days some people became very rich by putting machines into factories

在那个年代，有些人通过把机器引进工厂而变得非常富有。

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This change was called the Industrial Revolution

这场变革被称为工业革命。

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Before machines were invented, all the work had to be done by hand

在机器发明之前，所有工作都得靠手工完成。

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But with machines, things could be done much more quickly

但有了机器，事情就能完成得快得多了。

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This was wonderful for the factory owners, but it was awful for the workers

这对工厂主来说是好事，但对工人来说却很糟糕。

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The machines were dangerous and created a lot of dirt

机器很危险，还产生了大量污垢。

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Even worse, the factory owners treated the workers very badly

更糟的是，工厂主对待工人非常恶劣。

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The owners only cared about their money and their machines

那些厂主只关心他们的钱和他们的机器。

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In those days a man was paid about ten shillings a day, which is less than one dollar

在那个时候，一个人一天大约能挣十先令，还不到一美元。

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However, children were paid only two shillings a day, so the owners liked to hire poor children to work in their factories

然而，孩子们每天只赚两个先令，所以厂主们喜欢雇佣穷孩子到他们的工厂工作。

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It was terrible work

那工作糟糕极了。

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I began working in a textile factory when I was eight years old

我八岁时开始在一家纺织厂工作。

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A textile factory is a factory that makes cloth

纺织厂就是生产布的工厂。

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My family was so poor that I could not go to school

我家太穷了，我上不起学。

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I had to earn money so that we could live

我得赚钱我们才能活下去。

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I worked every day from six in the morning to ten at night

我每天从早上六点工作到晚上十点。

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Even on Sundays I had to go to the factory to clean all the machines

即使在星期天，我也得去工厂清洗所有的机器。

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It was very hard labor

那是非常辛苦的劳作。

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I was so tired at night that I sometimes slept as I walked home

我晚上累得有时候走着回家就睡着了。

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When people saw me walking home, they would tell me to quit my job

人们看见我走回家时，都会劝我辞掉这份工。

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But I couldn't because my father's wages were not enough to feed our family

但我不能，因为父亲的工资不够养活全家。

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When I got home at night, I was always hungry, but usually I was too tired to eat my dinner

晚上回到家，我总是饿着肚子，可常常累得连晚饭也吃不下。

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I would just fall down and sleep

我会倒头就睡。

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Sometimes in the morning, I could not wake up

有时候早上，我怎么也醒不过来。

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So my father would carry me to the factory while I was still sleeping

于是父亲会在我睡着的时候，把我背到工厂。

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But I couldn't be late. If I were late for work, I would be in big trouble

但我不能迟到。要是上班迟到，就会大祸临头。

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My friend David was often late for work, so the owner often beat him with a strap

我的朋友大卫经常迟到，所以老板常常用皮带抽他。

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I was a piecer. All day I had to lean over the spinning machine, which was the machine that made the cloth

我是接线工。整天都得俯身在织布机——也就是纺出布料的机器上干活。

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Piecers had to tie pieces of thread together when they broke

接线工得在纱线断掉时，把断头接起来。

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If the thread was broken, the machine could not make the cloth

如果线断了，机器就不能织布了。

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So it was very important for us to do our job correctly

所以对我们来说，把工作做好非常重要。

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We were always running, and we could never sit down

我们总是在跑，从来不能坐下来。

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It was very difficult to keep up with the work

要跟上工作进度非常困难。

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We also had to work quickly. The owner also beat slow children

我们还得做得快。老板还会打动作慢的孩子。

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We were all very afraid of him. He was a bad man

我们都很怕他。他是个坏人。

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A piecer's work was dangerous. We had to put our hands into the machine

接头工的工作很危险。我们得把手伸进机器里。

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If a piecer fell or was too slow, very bad things could happen

如果接头工摔倒或者太慢，可能会发生很糟糕的事。

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Many of my friends got badly hurt, and some even died

我的很多朋友受了重伤，有些甚至死了。

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We had to be very careful

我们得非常小心。

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The worst part of working at the factory was the food

在工厂干活最糟糕的部分就是吃的。

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We were given only a little bit of soup and some bad-tasting bread for breakfast, lunch, and dinner

我们早中晚三餐，只能分到一点点汤和一些味道很差的面包。

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And we were not allowed to stop working

而且我们不能停下工作。

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We had to eat our meals standing at the machines

我们只能站在机器旁边吃饭。

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Since the machines were very dirty, my food was often covered in dirt, so I had to eat dirty food

因为机器非常脏，我的食物经常沾满灰尘，所以我不得不吃脏东西。

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This made me very sick. One time a boy complained about the food

这让我病得很重。有一次，一个男孩抱怨了食物。

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The owner got very angry with him. After that, no one ever complained again

工厂主对此大发雷霆。在那之后，再也没有人敢抱怨了。

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Around 1833 some good men in the government tried to help the children

大约在1833年，政府里一些好心人试图帮助这些孩子。

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A new law made it illegal in England for a child under ten to work in a textile factory

一项新法律规定，在英格兰，雇用十岁以下的儿童在纺织厂工作是非法的，

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and children under twelve could work no more than eight or ten hours a day

并且十二岁以下的儿童每天工作不得超过八到十个小时。

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Also, on Sundays, the factory owners had to teach the children to read and write

此外，每逢周日，工厂主必须教孩子们读书写字。

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As time passed, new laws were passed to improve the lives of children even more

随着时间的推移，又通过了新的法律，进一步改善了儿童的生活。

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In 1867 the laws on child labor were extended to many more industries

1867年，关于童工的法律扩展到更多行业。

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It became illegal in England to hire children to work in mines

在英格兰，雇用儿童在矿井工作变成了非法行为，

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at shipyards, and many dangerous factories, such as match factories and nail factories

同样非法的还有在造船厂，以及许多危险的工厂，如火柴厂和制钉厂。

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Today almost every country in the world has child labor laws to protect children

如今，世界上几乎每个国家都有保护儿童的童工法。

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In 1990 the United Nations agreed on the Convention on the Rights of the Child

1990年，联合国通过了《儿童权利公约》，

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which protects children not just from unfair work, but from war and disease

它不仅保护儿童免于不公平的劳动，也保护他们免受战争和疾病的侵害。

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It also protects the right of children to live with their parents and go to school

它还保护儿童与父母共同生活和上学的权利。

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Attitudes have changed greatly since the 1880s

自19世纪80年代以来，人们的观念发生了巨大变化。

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Today childhood is cherished as a time to grow and learn in health and safety

今天，童年被视为一段在健康和安全环境中成长和学习的宝贵时光。