007 佛陀降世

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" Mom said you needed a cushion," Laurie said, walking into Grandpa's study." I brought two just in case."

“妈妈说你需要一个坐垫，”劳里走进爷爷的书房说，“我带了两，以防万一。”

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" Yes, I do need a cushion. Thank you," Grandpa said

“是的，我确实需要一个坐垫。谢谢你，”爷爷说。

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He was sitting cross-legged on the floor

他正盘腿坐在地上。

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" I'm giving up chairs and devoting myself to deep thinking for one week

“我打算一个星期不坐椅子，专心深度思考。

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Maybe if I sit like Buddha and try to think like Buddha, I'll be able to write a great article on Buddha's life in ancient India."

也许像佛陀那样打坐，试着像佛陀那样思考，我就能写出一篇关于佛陀在古印度生平的精彩文章了。”

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He picked up a small statue of the famous monk

他拿起这位著名僧人的一个小雕像。

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" Wait — Buddha was a real person?" Laurie asked, sitting down next to Grandpa

“等等——佛陀是真实存在的人？”劳里在爷爷身边坐下，问道。

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" Yes. He was a real prince, named Siddhartha Gautama

“是的。他是一位真正的王子，名叫悉达多·乔达摩。

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He was born around the sixth century BC to the king and queen of the Shakya kingdom

他大约出生于公元前六世纪，是释迦国的国王和王后之子。

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Back then, the areas we know as India and Nepal were made up of small, independent kingdoms

那时，我们现在所知的印度和尼泊尔地区是由一个个小独立王国组成的。

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Hinduism, which had been practiced in India for hundreds of years, divided society into four rigid classes, or castes

印度教在印度已有数百年的历史，它把社会分成四个严格的等级，即种姓。

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There were priests, royalty, merchants and farmers, and laborers

有祭司、王族、商人和农民，还有劳工。

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Since Siddhartha was born into a royal family, he enjoyed a life of luxury

因为悉达多出生在王族家庭，他过着奢华的生活。

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His father wanted to protect his son from all the unpleasant things in the world, so he forbade Siddhartha from leaving the palace

他的父亲想保护儿子远离世上所有不愉快的事，所以禁止悉达多离开王宫。

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But you know what happens when you tell people they can't do something

但是你知道，当你告诉人们不能做某件事时，会发生什么。

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That becomes exactly what they want to do!

那件事恰恰变成了他们想做的事！

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So one day Siddhartha sneaked out of the palace

所以有一天，悉达多偷偷溜出了王宫。

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And he was shocked by what he saw: old people, sick people, and dead people!

他看到的一切让他震惊：老人、病人和死人！

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He saw great suffering and wondered why there was so much pain in the world

他看到了巨大的苦难，想知道世界上为什么会有这么多痛苦。

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Then he met a hermit who said he had given up wealth to search for truth

然后他遇到了一位隐士，隐士说他放弃了财富去寻找真理。

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Siddhartha decided he would do that too

悉达多决定他也要那样做。

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So he left his kingdom and set out to lead a hermit's life

于是他离开了自己的王国，去过隐士的生活。

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Siddhartha thought. And he fasted. And he walked

悉达多思考。他禁食。他行走。

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Then finally he sat beneath a tree by a river and thought very, very hard

最后，他在河边的一棵树下坐下，非常非常努力地思索。

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After some time, he realized the truth about the world and why people suffer

过了一段时间，他悟出了关于这个世界的真相，以及人们为什么会受苦。

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It was under that tree that he became a buddha, or an ' enlightened one.'

正是在那棵树下，他成了一位佛陀，也就是“觉悟者”。

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That means he truly understood the world."

那意味着他真正理解了这个世界。”

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Grandpa closed his eyes and put his hands back over his knees

爷爷闭上眼睛，把双手放回膝盖上。

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" Good story, eh?" he said. He sat very still

“故事不错吧，嗯？”他说。他一动不动地坐着。

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" Yes, a very good story. But aren't you going to tell me what he found out?

“是的，非常好的故事。可您不打算告诉我他悟出了什么吗？

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And what happened after that? Did he get up or sit there forever?" Laurie asked impatiently

“后来呢？他站起来了，还是就这么一直坐着？”劳里迫不及待地问。

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Grandpa looked at Laurie." He didn't stay there forever

爷爷看着劳里：“他没有一直坐在那儿。

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After he became enlightened, he set out to teach people what he had discovered, because he thought it would help them

他悟道之后，便开始四处传道，将自己领悟的真理分享给世人，因为他觉得这能帮助大家。

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He had discovered that people suffer because they have desires

他悟到，人的痛苦源于心中的欲望。

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They want things, and when they don't get them, they become upset or sad

人们有所求，而一旦求之不得，就会感到心烦意乱或悲伤。

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In order to avoid suffering, people must get rid of their desires

要想避免痛苦，人们就必须舍弃欲望。

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This is what Buddha taught. He encouraged people to lead modest, moderate lives

这便是佛陀的教义。他鼓励人们过朴实、适度的生活。

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He also encouraged them to ignore the Hindu caste system, because he believed that all people were equal

他还鼓励大家摒弃印度的种姓制度，因为他相信众生皆平等。

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Hindus believed that only men in high castes could study religion

印度教徒曾以为，只有高种姓的男子才有资格研习宗教。

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But Buddha said everyone was free to learn his teachings

但佛陀说，任何人都可以自由地学习他的教义。

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Buddha had become enlightened in the powerful Magadha kingdom, which ruled northern India, and his story was famous there

佛陀在统治北印度的强大摩揭陀国悟道，他的事迹在那里家喻户晓。

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The Magadha king, Bimbisara, invited Buddha to his palace

摩揭陀国王频毗娑罗邀请佛陀到他的王宫。

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There Buddha taught King Bimbisara his knowledge of the world, and the king was so moved that he became a Buddhist

佛陀在那里向频毗娑罗王传授了他对世界的领悟，国王深受感动，皈依了佛教。

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He offered one of his gardens to the wise Buddha

他将自己的一座园林献给了睿智的佛陀。

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Siddhartha used the garden as a temporary home and teaching place

悉达多将这座园林用作临时住所和讲学之地。

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Many people learned about Buddhism there, and the popularity of his religion increased

许多人在这里学习佛法，佛教的声望日益增长。

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He continued to teach until he died at age 80

他一直传道，直到80岁圆寂。

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By that time Buddhism was firmly established in India."

那时，佛教已在印度稳固扎根。”

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" What happened to Buddhism after he died?" Laurie asked

“他去世后佛教怎么样了？”劳里问。

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" Even after his death, Buddhism continued to spread throughout India, especially thanks to King Ashoka of the great Mauryan kingdom

“即使在他去世后，佛教仍继续在印度各地传播，这尤其要归功于强大的孔雀王朝的阿育王。

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He was a vicious warrior and conqueror

他原本是个凶狠的战士与征服者。

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During his rule, from about 270 BC to 232 BC, he attacked neighboring kingdoms and led wars to expand his territory, unifying much of India

在他的统治期间，大约从公元前270年到公元前232年，他攻打邻国，发动战争扩张领土，统一了印度大部分地区。

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After one particularly bloody war, however, he suddenly found himself horrified at his actions

然而，在一场特别血腥的战争之后，他突然对自己的行为感到惊恐。

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He asked himself whether a violent life was worth living

他问自己，暴力的人生是否值得。

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Then he remembered the teachings of Buddha, which encouraged peace, equality, and harmony among all living things

这时，他想起了佛陀的教义，它鼓励众生之间和平、平等与和谐。

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Ashoka decided this was how people should live

阿育王断定，这才是人们应有的生活方式。

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He converted to Buddhism and declared his land a Buddhist kingdom

他皈依了佛教，并宣布他的国土为佛教王国。

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He wanted everyone to learn Buddha's teachings and live in harmony

他希望每个人都学习佛陀的教诲，和谐共处。

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Ashoka helped spread Buddhism throughout India, and for a while his kingdom flourished

阿育王帮助佛教传遍了印度，他的王国一度繁荣昌盛。

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But as you may guess, being peaceful only works if you can convince your neighbors and the next king to be peaceful too

但你可能猜到了，和平共处只有在你能够说服邻国和下一位国王也同样保持和平时才行得通。

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After Ashoka's death political conflict and foreign invaders led to the end of the Mauryan kingdom and the end of a unified, peaceful India

阿育王死后，政治纷争和外族入侵导致孔雀王朝灭亡，统一和平的印度也走向终结。

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In the years to come, Christians and Muslims would come from the west, forever changing Indian culture

在随后的岁月里，基督教徒和穆斯林从西方而来，永远改变了印度的文化。

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Buddhism lost its power in India, but traveled north and east to take root in China, Korea, and Japan." Grandpa breathed deeply

佛教在印度失去了势力，但向北方和东方传播，在中国、朝鲜和日本扎下了根。”爷爷深深吸了口气。

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" Now let's think about life, suffering, desire, peace, and enlightenment." He pointed to the extra cushion

“现在，让我们思考生命、苦难、欲望、和平与觉悟。”他指向那个多余的坐垫。

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" Like this?" Laurie sat cross-legged, placed her hands over her knees, and closed her eyes

“像这样？”劳里盘腿坐下，双手放在膝上，闭上了眼睛。

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" Exactly. That is how Siddhartha sat, and so shall we," Grandpa said, closing his eyes

“完全正确。悉达多就是这么坐的，我们也应如此。”爷爷说着闭上了眼睛。

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Laurie opened one eye to peek at Grandpa. He appeared to be deep in thought

劳里睁开一只眼偷看爷爷。他似乎陷入了沉思。

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" Grandpa, it's pretty cool that you know all this stuff," she whispered

“爷爷，你知道这些东西真酷。”她低声说。

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Then she closed her eyes and thought

接着她闭上眼睛，思考起来。