037 伽利略：无人相信的伟人

旁白 neutral

Imagine that you discovered something very important

想象一下，你发现了一件非常重要的事情。

旁白 neutral

Imagine that your discovery was so important that it would change the way people think and live

再想象一下，你的发现极其重要，足以改变人们的思想和生活方式。

旁白 neutral

I'm sure that you would run out and tell everyone about your new discovery

你肯定会马上跑出去，把这个新发现告诉所有人。

旁白 neutral

You might write a book about it and talk to many people

你或许会为此写一本书，并向许多人讲述。

旁白 neutral

Now imagine that no one believes you, and they even get angry with you

现在再想象一下，没有人相信你，他们甚至对你感到愤怒。

旁白 neutral

They accuse you of being a liar and tell you that you are evil

他们指责你是个骗子，还说你是邪恶的。

旁白 neutral

Finally, because you keep insisting that you are right, they throw you into prison for the rest of your life

最后，因为你坚持认为自己是对的，他们把你关进监狱，让你在那里度过余生。

旁白 neutral

That is exactly what happened to Galileo Galilei

这正是伽利略·伽利莱的亲身遭遇。

旁白 neutral

Galileo was born in Pisa, which is a city in Italy, in 1564

伽利略于1564年出生在意大利的比萨城。

旁白 neutral

Galileo came from a well-respected family, and his parents expected him to become a doctor

伽利略出身于一个受人尊敬的家庭，他的父母期望他能成为一名医生。

旁白 neutral

However, much to his father's disappointment, Galileo decided not to be a doctor

可是，令父亲大失所望的是，伽利略决定不做医生。

旁白 neutral

He was more interested in mathematics and philosophy

他对数学和哲学更感兴趣。

旁白 neutral

During his early years as a professor of mathematics, Galileo made some very important discoveries

在担任数学教授的早年，伽利略做出了一些非常重要的发现。

旁白 neutral

For instance, if you dropped a heavy ball and a light ball, which would hit the ground first?

例如，如果你扔下一个重球和一个轻球，哪个会先落地？

旁白 neutral

Scientists used to think that the heavy ball would land first

科学家们过去认为重球会先落地。

旁白 neutral

But Galileo believed they would hit the ground at the same time, and he wrote a mathematical formula to explain his idea

但伽利略认为它们会同时落地，并写了一个数学公式来解释他的想法。

旁白 neutral

To prove his theory, he climbed to the top of the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped two balls of the same size, one heavy and one light

为了证明他的理论，他爬上了著名的比萨斜塔顶端，扔下了两个同样大小的球，一重一轻。

旁白 neutral

He proved his theory was correct. The two balls landed at the exact same time

他证明了自己的理论是正确的。两个球完全同时落地。

旁白 neutral

Because of this experiment, most people believed Galileo and accepted his new theory

因为这个实验，大多数人相信了伽利略，接受了他的新理论。

旁白 neutral

However, some people were not happy because Galileo's new ideas contradicted the old ones

然而，有些人不高兴，因为伽利略的新思想与旧思想相矛盾。

旁白 neutral

Sometimes new ideas make people feel uncomfortable and afraid

有时候，新想法会让人感到不舒服和害怕。

旁白 neutral

Galileo's life took a drastic turn in 1609, when he heard about a new and incredible invention from the Netherlands

1609年，伽利略的生活发生了剧变，当时他听说了一项来自荷兰的、令人难以置信的新发明。

旁白 neutral

It was a tool that made distant objects look near

这是一种能让远处的物体看起来很近的工具。

旁白 neutral

It was the telescope, and Galileo thought it was a fantastic invention

它就是望远镜，伽利略认为这是一项了不起的发明。

旁白 neutral

Galileo began working on the telescope to make it more powerful

伽利略开始对望远镜进行改进，让它变得更强大。

旁白 neutral

He taught himself how to grind glass in order to make lenses for his telescope

他自学了如何打磨玻璃，以便为自己的望远镜制作镜片。

旁白 neutral

After many years and a lot of hard work, he made a telescope so powerful that it could magnify the stars and planets

经过多年的辛勤努力，他制造出了一台强大到能放大恒星和行星的望远镜。

旁白 neutral

Before this, people could only view stars with their eyes

在此之前，人们只能用肉眼观看星星。

旁白 neutral

Galileo's telescope impressed many people, and he became the highest-paid professor at his university

伽利略的望远镜给许多人留下了深刻印象，他成了大学里薪酬最高的教授。

旁白 neutral

Over the next few months, he made even more powerful telescopes

在接下来的几个月里，他制造了更强大的望远镜。

旁白 neutral

This was when Galileo's real problems started

这正是伽利略真正麻烦的开始。

旁白 neutral

At first he discovered some very interesting and wonderful things that no one questioned

起初，他发现了一些非常有趣且奇妙的事物，无人质疑。

旁白 neutral

For example, he found that the moon was very bumpy instead of smooth

例如，他发现月球表面非常凹凸不平，而非光滑的。

旁白 neutral

He also discovered that Jupiter had four moons and that there were many more stars than people could see with the naked eye

他还发现木星有四颗卫星，而且星星的数量远多于人们肉眼所能看到的。

旁白 neutral

However, Galileo soon discovered something that made many people very angry

然而，伽利略很快就发现了一些让许多人非常愤怒的事情。

旁白 neutral

By looking into space and observing the planets, the sun, and the stars

通过观测太空，观察行星、太阳和恒星，

旁白 neutral

he discovered that Earth was a ball that revolved around the sun like the other planets

他发现地球是一个像其他行星一样围绕太阳转动的球体。

旁白 neutral

Many religious leaders thought that Galileo didn't believe in God and was questioning how the world was created

许多宗教领袖认为伽利略不相信上帝，并质疑世界是如何被创造的。

旁白 neutral

They accused Galileo of doubting God's Word

他们指责伽利略怀疑上帝的话语。

旁白 neutral

This was a big problem for Galileo because at that time, the Catholic Church was the most powerful organization in the world

这对伽利略来说是个大麻烦，因为在当时，天主教会是世界上最有权势的组织。

旁白 neutral

The religious leaders brought Galileo before the Inquisition

宗教领袖们将伽利略带到了宗教裁判所面前。

旁白 neutral

The Inquisition was a religious court that decided if a person was saying things against the Christian faith

宗教裁判所是一个宗教法庭，用来裁定一个人是否在发表反对基督教信仰的言论。

旁白 neutral

If the judges decided that a person was speaking against God, they decided how to punish him

如果法官裁定某人在发表反对上帝的言论，他们就会决定如何惩罚他。

旁白 neutral

The Inquisition decided that Galileo was against God, and his punishment was that he should not speak or write about his discoveries anymore

宗教裁判所裁定伽利略反对上帝，给他的惩罚是：不得再发表或书写关于他那些发现的言论。

旁白 neutral

But Galileo was a true scientist, and he did not want to be quiet

但伽利略是一位真正的科学家，他不想保持沉默。

旁白 neutral

So he continued to argue that his discoveries were not against the Bible and not against God

因此，他继续辩称他的发现并不违背《圣经》，也不反对上帝。

旁白 neutral

He wanted people to hear what he was saying

他想让人们听到他所说的话。

旁白 neutral

Once again Galileo was called before the Inquisition

伽利略再次被传唤到宗教裁判所。

旁白 neutral

Now he was in very big trouble because this time he had disobeyed the Inquisition

现在他惹上了大麻烦，因为这一次他违抗了宗教裁判所的命令。

旁白 neutral

In order to stop Galileo from spreading his lies to other people, the Inquisition arrested him and imprisoned him for the rest of his life

为了阻止伽利略向其他人散播他的谎言，宗教裁判所逮捕了他，并将他终身监禁。

旁白 neutral

Of course, today we know that Galileo was right about many of his theories, and he has become one of the most respected thinkers of all time

当然，今天我们都知道伽利略的许多理论是正确的，他已成为有史以来最受尊敬的思想家之一。

旁白 neutral

But at that time, he was the great man who no one believed

但在当时，他是一位无人相信的伟人。