006 印第安人与野牛

旁白 neutral

Hi, my name is Donna. My Comanche name is Dawn of the Sun because I was born when the sun was rising

嗨，我叫唐娜。我的科曼奇名字是“黎明之阳”，因为我是在太阳升起时出生的。

旁白 neutral

I live on the edge of the Great Plains of North America, a huge, flat, grass-covered land in the middle of the continent

我住在北美大平原的边缘，那是大陆中部一片广阔、平坦、覆盖着草地的土地。

旁白 neutral

My ancestors, the Comanche tribe, have been living on, or near, these plains for three hundred years

我的祖先，科曼奇部落，已经在这片平原上或附近生活了三百年。

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My mother gave me a necklace made from buffalo teeth

我妈妈给了我一条用野牛牙齿做成的项链。

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It was passed down to her from my grandmother, who got it from her mother

这条项链是我母亲从我外婆那里传下来的，而我外婆是从她的母亲那里得到的。

旁白 neutral

When I put on this necklace, I imagine what the plains were like in my great-grandmother's time

当我戴上这条项链时，我会想象在曾祖母时代这片平原是什么样子。

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In those days buffalo roamed the plains

在那个年代，野牛在平原上游荡。

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Sometimes the herds were so huge, the land appeared black!

有时候牛群如此庞大，土地看起来都是黑色的！

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And it was amazing to experience a buffalo stampede

能经历一场野牛狂奔，真是令人惊叹。

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The earth shook as the animals galloped by, and their pounding hooves sounded like thunder!

当动物们飞奔而过时，大地都在震动，它们沉重的蹄声听起来像雷鸣一样！

旁白 neutral

My people once followed the buffalo as they traveled across the plains

我的族人曾跟随野牛穿越大平原。

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We lived in tepees made of buffalo hide, which were easy to put up, take down, and carry around

我们住在野牛皮做的圆锥帐篷里，这种帐篷容易搭建、拆卸和携带。

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We had great respect for the buffalo

我们对野牛怀有深深的敬意。

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They were considered sacred, a powerful symbol of food and shelter

它们被视为神圣的动物，是食物和庇护所的强大象征。

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Did you know that the buffalo is the largest land animal in North America─it can weigh over 900 kilograms!

你知道吗，野牛是北美最大的陆地动物——它的体重可以超过900公斤！

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Buffalo are also called American bison and are part of the cow family

野牛也被称为美洲野牛，属于牛科。

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They travel as a herd, which means they sleep, eat, and move together

它们成群活动，一起睡觉、一起进食、一起迁徙。

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When the seasons change, they migrate to different areas

季节变化时，它们会迁徙到不同的地方。

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Before a buffalo hunt, my people took time to thank the buffalo

在狩猎野牛之前，我的族人会花时间感谢野牛。

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A medicine man offered prayers and sang songs, to make the hunt a success

巫医会进行祈祷并唱歌，祈求狩猎成功。

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The men in our tribe performed a sun dance, wearing buffalo masks and moving like the buffalo

我们部落的男人们会跳太阳舞，他们戴着野牛面具，模仿野牛的动作。

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As they danced they carried their favorite spears, to bring them luck on the hunt

舞蹈时，他们会拿着自己心爱的长矛，以求为狩猎带来好运。

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We told stories about great hunts or brave hunters

我们讲述伟大狩猎或勇敢猎人的故事。

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After the hunt the camp bustled with activity

狩猎结束后，营地一片忙碌景象。

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Everyone was busy with something to do

每个人都有自己要忙的事情。

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The medicine man offered the best part of the meat to the Great Spirit as a token of thanks, and then buried it in the ground

巫医将最好的肉献给大神，作为感谢的象征，然后将其埋入土中。

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The women prepared the remaining meat, leaving some strips to hang and dry for use in the cold winter months

女人们处理剩余的肉，留下一些肉条挂起来风干，以备寒冬月份食用。

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The meat was shared among all the members of the tribe

肉被分给部落的所有成员。

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But the hides were most prized, and were claimed by the hunter's family

但最珍贵的是兽皮，这些归猎人的家庭所有。

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It took a lot of work to prepare the hides

处理这些兽皮需要花费大量的功夫。

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The women had to scrape off the flesh and dry the hides in the sun

妇女们需要刮去皮上的肉，并把皮放在太阳下晒干。

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With the fur left on, the thick winter hides were used to make warm caps, mittens, robes, and blankets

保留皮毛的厚实冬皮被用来制作暖和的帽子、手套、袍子和毯子。

旁白 neutral

The summer hides were used for leather, so the hair was scraped off, and they were smoked over fires to make them waterproof

夏皮则用来制革，因此毛发被刮掉，并放在火上烟熏，使其防水。

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Then they could be made into tepees, clothing, and moccasins

然后它们就能被制成帐篷、衣物和鹿皮鞋。

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Many accessories and utensils could also be made from the buffalo

许多饰品和用具也可以用野牛来制作。

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We enjoyed wearing necklaces, like my great-grandmother's, made from buffalo teeth

我们喜欢佩戴用野牛牙齿做成的项链，就像我曾祖母的那条一样。

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Some of the buffalo organs were used as containers — the stomach became a water jug

一些野牛器官被用作容器——胃变成了水罐。

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Horns were carved to make cups and spoons

犄角被雕刻成杯子和勺子。

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And the bones were shaped into many useful tools, such as knives, paintbrushes, and spears

骨头被塑造成许多有用的工具，比如刀、画笔和长矛。

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Even though life was hard for us, we still had fun

尽管生活对我们来说很艰难，我们仍然有欢乐。

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Comanche children made rattles from buffalo hooves, tying them together with cords cut from rawhide

科曼奇族的孩子们用野牛蹄子做拨浪鼓，用生皮割成的绳子把它们系在一起。

旁白 neutral

We made spinning tops from horns. We stuffed leftover hair into leather to make balls and dolls

我们用犄角做陀螺。我们把剩下的毛发塞进皮革里，做成球和玩偶。

旁白 neutral

And in the winter, we loved to race down snowy hills, using buffalo ribs as sleds

冬天的时候，我们喜欢用野牛的肋骨当雪橇，比赛滑下雪坡。

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We also played with the buffalo calves, which sometimes followed us back to our camp

我们还会跟野牛幼崽玩耍，它们有时会跟着我们回到营地。

旁白 neutral

We chased each other around for hours, and then fell down from exhaustion

我们彼此追逐好几个小时，然后筋疲力尽地倒下。

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My people had been living this way, in harmony with the buffalo, for hundreds of years

我的族人就这样与野牛和谐共处，生活了数百年。

旁白 neutral

But then settlers from Europe came and took over our land

但后来来自欧洲的定居者到来，并夺走了我们的土地。

旁白 neutral

They killed over fifty million buffalo, and the species almost became extinct!

他们杀害了超过五千万头野牛，这个物种几乎灭绝！

旁白 neutral

By the nineteenth century there were only a few hundred of these amazing animals left

到了十九世纪，这些奇妙的动物只剩下几百头。

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By the 1900s people began trying to save the buffalo by increasing their numbers

到了二十世纪，人们开始尝试通过增加野牛的数量来拯救它们。

旁白 neutral

Conservationists took care of the remaining buffalo and were able to breed them

自然保护主义者们照料了剩余的野牛，并使它们得以繁衍。

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Over time their numbers grew, and today, there are about 200,000 buffalo living on farms and ranches, and in special buffalo preserves

随着时间的推移，它们的数量增加了，如今，大约有二十万头野牛生活在农场、牧场和专门的野牛保护区。

旁白 neutral

I have a dream that one day I will become a teacher and educate people about the buffalo and our culture

我有一个梦想，希望有一天能成为一名老师，向人们讲授野牛和我们的文化。

旁白 neutral

When the buffalo herds disappeared, we Comanches lost our main source of food, clothing, and shelter

当野牛群消失时，我们科曼奇人失去了主要的食物、衣物和住所来源。

旁白 neutral

But each time I wear my great-grandmother's necklace, it reminds me of this sacred animal and all it brought my people

但每当我佩戴曾祖母的项链时，它都会提醒我想起这种神圣的动物，以及它给予我族人的一切。