013 申师任堂超越时代的女性

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Five hundred years ago, a woman of extraordinary abilities earned respect for her talent as a painter and poet

五百年前，一位才华非凡的女子因其画家和诗人的才能赢得了尊重。

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She lived in the tradition-bound society of ancient Korea, and her family cherished her as a devoted daughter, mother, and wife

她生活在传统束缚的古代韩国社会，家人珍视她，视其为孝顺的女儿、慈爱的母亲与忠贞的妻子。

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Today, we recognize her as a woman who pioneered independence and individuality for women

今天，我们视她为一位为女性开创独立与个性道路的先驱。

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Shin Saim-dang was born in Korea in 1504 during the Chosun Dynasty

申师任堂于1504年出生在朝鲜王朝时期的韩国。

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The second of five daughters, she was named In-sun at birth

她是五个女儿中的第二个，出生时取名仁善。

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At a young age, she chose the pen name Saim-dang, which means " loving mother of the king."

年少时，她选择了师任堂作为笔名，意为“敬爱君王的母亲”。

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Her inspiration was the mother of King Wen, a ruler in the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China

她的灵感来自古代中国周朝的君王——周文王的母亲。

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During the Chosun Dynasty, most Koreans abided by Confucian teachings, which held that a son must look after his parents

朝鲜王朝时期，多数朝鲜人恪守儒家教化，认为儿子必须赡养父母。

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For this reason, after a man was married, his wife would leave her family to go and live with her husband's family

因此，男子婚后，妻子需离开娘家，住进夫家。

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Although Saim-dang's family honored Confucian teachings, they did not always follow tradition

尽管师任堂的家族尊崇儒家教化，他们却未完全遵循传统。

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Saim-dang's mother was an only child, so Saim-dang's grandparents had no son to take care of them

师任堂的母亲是独生女，所以她的外祖父母没有儿子来照顾他们。

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With the consent of her husband, Saim-dang's mother continued to live at home even after she married

征得丈夫的同意后，师任堂的母亲即使婚后也继续住在娘家。

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Thus, Saim-dang was born in her mother's childhood home, called Ojukheon, in the city of Gangneung

因此，师任堂出生在她母亲位于江陵市的娘家，名为乌竹轩。

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Saim-dang's father worked in Seoul, 150 kilometers away, so she did not see him very often

师任堂的父亲在150公里外的首尔工作，所以她不能经常见到他。

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Her mother and grandfather took on the responsibility of raising her and her sisters

她的母亲和外祖父承担起了抚养她和她的姐妹们的责任。

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The five girls all learned to read and write, even though most girls at the time received little education

五个女孩都学会了读书写字，尽管当时大多数女孩很少接受教育。

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In this atmosphere of learning, Saim-dang developed an appreciation for the arts

在这种学习的氛围中，师任堂逐渐培养出对艺术的鉴赏力。

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She enjoyed practicing calligraphy and composing poetry

她喜欢练习书法和创作诗歌。

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At the age of seven, she studied the works of Ahn Gyeun, a famous painter who lived during King Sejong's rule, one hundred years earlier

七岁时，她研习了安坚的作品。安坚是生活在百年前世宗大王统治时期的一位著名画家。

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Saim-dang imitated Ahn Gyeun's brushstrokes as she developed her own style of painting

师任堂在形成自己的绘画风格时，模仿了安坚的笔法。

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Her favorite subjects were the things she saw every day in the backyard of Ojukheon:

她最喜欢的题材是每天在乌竹轩后院看到的东西：

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flowers, clusters of grapes, bamboo trees, butterflies, and insects

花朵，成串的葡萄，竹子，蝴蝶，还有昆虫。

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It is said that Saim-dang's drawings were so lifelike they deceived even animals

据说师任堂的画栩栩如生，连动物都骗得过。

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One summer day, after completing a painting with an ant in it, she set it aside to dry

一个夏日，她画完一幅有蚂蚁的画后，把它放在一边晾干。

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" I'll just go inside to get a drink," she said to herself

“我就进去喝点水，”她自言自语道。

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A chicken in the garden saw the painting and, thinking that the ant was real, started to peck at it with its beak

花园里的一只鸡看到这幅画，以为蚂蚁是真的，就用喙去啄它。

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When Saim-dang saw what the chicken was doing, she cried," No! Stop that! It's not real!"

师任堂看到鸡的举动，喊道：“不！别啄了！那不是真的！”

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But it was too late. Her painting was torn to pieces

但为时已晚。她的画被撕成了碎片。

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At the age of 19, Saim-dang married a man who lived in Seoul, but only a few months after the wedding, her father passed away

十九岁时，师任堂嫁给了住在首尔的一个男子，但婚后仅几个月，她的父亲便去世了。

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Having no brothers, Saim-dang felt it was her duty to take care of her widowed mother

没有兄弟，师任堂觉得照顾守寡的母亲是她的责任。

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Her new husband was a caring man, and he allowed her to return to Ojukheon

她的新婚丈夫是个体贴的人，允许她回到乌竹轩。

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In those days, it was customary for families to mourn their dead loved ones for three years

那时，习俗要求家人为逝去的亲人守丧三年。

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Saim-dang spent this period with her mother

师任堂在这段时期陪伴着母亲。

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Then she traveled back to Seoul to be with her husband

之后，她回到首尔与丈夫团聚。

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Her eldest child, a son, was born there

她的第一个孩子，一个儿子，在那里出生。

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As much as she was a faithful daughter, Saim-dang was also a devoted wife

她是忠诚的女儿，同时也是尽责的妻子。

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She diligently performed the duties set for her by Confucian tradition in her husband's home

她在夫家恪守儒家传统为她规定的本分。

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" Is the rice warm enough, Mother-in-law?" she would ask at mealtimes

用餐时她会问：“婆婆，饭够热吗？”

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She treated her husband's family with the utmost respect, but she was also kind to those who helped around the house

她对夫家极为敬重，但对家中帮佣也十分和善。

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" Thank you," she would say with a smile to servants

她会微笑着对仆人说：“谢谢你。”

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Heartbroken that her mother was alone, Saim-dang often returned to Ojukheon

因不忍母亲孤身一人，师任堂时常回到乌竹轩。

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In 1536, during one of her stays there, she gave birth to her fifth child

1536年，在一次停留期间，她生下了第五个孩子。

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She named him Yi Yi, and he spent his childhood in Ojukheon, cared for by his mother and grandmother

她为他取名李珥，他在乌竹轩度过童年，由母亲和外祖母照顾。

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Yi Yi learned Chinese script at the age of three and composed poems before he reached his seventh birthday

李珥三岁学习汉字，七岁之前便能作诗。

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He grew up to become one of Korea's greatest Confucian scholars

他长大后成为韩国最伟大的儒学家之一。

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Saim-dang had seven children

师任堂共有七个孩子。

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Just as her parents had instilled a thirst for knowledge in her, she taught all her children the importance of learning

正如她的父母曾激发她对知识的渴望，她也教育所有孩子学习的重要性。

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Despite her busy days looking after her mother and her own family, Saim-dang always found time to pursue her love of the arts

尽管照料母亲和自己的家庭日子忙碌，师任堂总能抽出时间追求她对艺术的热爱。

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As much as she upheld traditions, she was also not afraid to express how she felt

她恪守传统，但也敢于表达自己的感受。

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Her reputation as an artist and poet grew

她作为画家和诗人的名声日渐增长。

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" Her strokes are bold yet feminine," one person remarked

有人评价道：“她的笔触大胆而又不失柔美。”

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" It's elegant and beautiful," commented another

另一人评论说：“既典雅又美丽。”

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Despite her popularity, Saim-dang was humble and did not draw attention to herself

尽管备受赞誉，师任堂依然谦逊，不引人注目。

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Her passion in life was art, but her love was for her family

她毕生热爱艺术，但她所爱的是她的家庭。

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In his writings, Yi Yi credits his success to his mother's loving upbringing

李珥在文章中将自己的成功归于母亲充满关爱的养育。

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Living in a time when a woman's role was limited

生活在一个女性角色受限的时代，

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Shin Saim-dang proved that women had the ability and talents to contribute greatly to art and learning

申师任堂证明了女性有能力、有才华，能为艺术与学问做出巨大贡献。

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She was truly a woman before her time

她真是一位超越时代的女性。