019 火山苏醒

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Before 1980, Mount St. Helens, in Washington, was just another volcano in the Ring of Fire

在1980年之前，华盛顿州的圣海伦斯火山只是环太平洋火山带中的又一座火山。

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That's the huge circle of volcanoes that ring the Pacific Ocean

那是环绕太平洋的巨大火山圈。

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The volcano had not erupted in over a hundred years

这座火山已有一百多年没有喷发了。

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It was green and rich with wildlife

它绿意盎然，野生动物丰富。

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Spirit Lake, below the mountain, was full of fish and plants

山下的精灵湖满是鱼类和植物。

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But then this volcano woke up!

但随后这座火山苏醒了！

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Hot melted rock, called magma, had created lots of gas deep underground

被称为岩浆的炽热熔岩在地下深处产生了大量气体。

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This gas had built up, causing pressure within the volcano

这些气体积聚起来，在火山内部形成了压力。

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On May 18, 1980, an earthquake struck the area — and Mount St. Helens finally erupted

1980年5月18日，一场地震袭击了该地区——圣海伦斯火山终于喷发了。

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When the volcano exploded, its entire north side collapsed

火山爆发时，其整个北侧崩塌了。

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This created the biggest landslide in modern history

这引发了现代历史上最大规模的山体滑坡。

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Lava, which is magma that has reached the surface, blasted out of the mountain

熔岩，即到达地表的岩浆，从山中猛烈喷发出来。

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The lava mixed with rock, ash, and melted snow

熔岩与岩石、火山灰和融化的雪混合在一起。

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It flowed over the landscape

它流淌过整个地貌。

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Clouds of hot gases and rocks burst out too

灼热的气体和岩石云团也喷涌而出。

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They knocked down entire forests

它们摧毁了整片森林。

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The violent eruption left a huge crater at the top of the mountain — nearly three kilometers wide

剧烈的喷发在山顶留下了一个巨大的火山口，宽近三公里。

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Mount St. Helens was now four hundred meters shorter than before the eruption!

圣海伦斯火山现在比喷发前矮了四百米！

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This wasn't the most serious damage

但这并不是最严重的灾害。

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Fifty-seven people died in the eruption

这次喷发造成五十七人死亡。

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Roads, bridges, and hundreds of homes were destroyed

道路、桥梁和数百座房屋被毁。

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Right after the eruption, scientists began to study the scene

喷发刚一结束，科学家们就开始考察现场。

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Ash and volcanic rock covered most of the landscape

火山灰和火山岩覆盖了大部分地貌。

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Spirit Lake was filled with ash and rock too

精灵湖也被火山灰和岩石填满了。

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Broken trees covered the surface of the lake

断裂的树木覆盖着湖面。

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There was nothing alive in sight

看不到任何活物。

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The entire area looked as lifeless as the moon!

整个地区看上去就像月球一样毫无生机！

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Scientists believed decades would pass before animals and plants returned to the area

科学家们相信，要过几十年，动植物才会重新出现在这个地区。

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Yet only three months later, scientists spotted something incredible

然而仅仅三个月后，科学家们就发现了不可思议的事情。

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A gopher was digging out of its tunnel!

一只地鼠正从它的地道里往外挖！

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The animal had stayed safe underground during the dangerous eruption

在危险的喷发期间，这种动物安全地待在了地下。

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By the next spring, a plant was growing!

第二年春天，一株植物长了出来！

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After ten years, plants had grown back and animals had returned

十年后，植物重新生长，动物也回来了。

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Plankton and plants filled Spirit Lake again

浮游生物和植物再次充满了灵湖。

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Life had returned to the mountain

生命重新回到了这座山上。

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Meanwhile the volcano hadn't exactly fallen back to sleep

与此同时，火山并没有完全沉睡。

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After the eruption, lava continued to build up at the crater's floor

喷发过后，熔岩继续在火山口底部堆积。

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It rose and rose

它不断上升。

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By 1986 the lava had formed a dome 270 meters high

到1986年，熔岩形成了一个270米高的穹丘。

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Then the mountain grew mostly quiet again

之后，这座山又大体恢复了平静。

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Once in a while, the mountain rumbled

偶尔，山体会发出隆隆声。

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There were even small explosions

甚至还有小规模的爆炸。

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But none of this activity was very serious

但这些活动都不太严重。

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In 2004 ash and steam clouds rose once more from the crater

2004年，火山灰和蒸汽云再次从火山口升起。

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Rocks as big as buildings pushed up from the crater floor

像建筑物一样大的岩石从火山口底部被推了上来。

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What was happening now?

现在正在发生什么？

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No one knew

没人知道。

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But by 2007 the mountain went back to sleep

但到了2007年，这座山又沉睡了。

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Scientists think that the volcano may have run out of gas

科学家认为，这座火山可能耗尽了气体。

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Today earthquakes and rumblings continue to occur near Mount St. Helens

如今，圣海伦斯火山附近仍持续发生地震和隆隆声。

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The good news is that scientists have learned a lot since the 1980 eruption

好消息是，自1980年喷发以来，科学家们学到了很多。

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These lessons will help them to make better predictions about future eruptions

这些经验将帮助他们更好地预测未来的喷发。

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No one knows exactly when Mount St. Helens will wake up again

没人确切知道圣海伦斯火山何时会再次醒来。

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But when it does, people are more likely to be prepared

但当它醒来时，人们更有可能做好了准备。