第36课

旁白 neutral

If a nation is essentialy disunited, it is left to the government to hold it together.

如果一个国家本质上是分裂的，就只能由政府来维系它的统一。

旁白 neutral

This increases the expense of government, and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources that could be used for developing the country.

这增加了政府开支，并相应减少了可用于国家发展的经济资源。

旁白 neutral

And it should not be forgotten how small those resources are in a poor and backward country.

而且不应忘记，在一个贫穷落后的国家，这些资源是多么微薄。

旁白 neutral

Where the cost of government is high, resources for development are correspondingly low.

政府开支高的地方，发展资源也相应地少。

旁白 neutral

This may be illustrated by comparing the position of a nation with that of a private business enterprise.

这可以通过比较一个国家与一个私营企业的情况来说明。

旁白 neutral

An enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business.

一个企业为了维持经营，必须承担一定的成本和开支。

旁白 neutral

For our purposes, we are concerned only with one kind of cost--the cost of managing and administering the business.

就我们的目的而言，我们只关注一种成本——管理和经营企业的成本。

旁白 neutral

Such administrative overheads in a business are analogous to the cost of government in a nation.

企业中的此类行政管理费用类似于一个国家中的政府开支。

旁白 neutral

The administrative overheads of a business are low to the extent that everyone working in the business

企业的行政管理费用之所以低，是因为企业中的每个人

旁白 neutral

can be trusted to behave in a way that best promotes the interests of the firm.

都可以被信任，以最有利于公司利益的方式行事。

旁白 neutral

If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities,

如果每个人都可以被信任来承担这些责任，

旁白 neutral

and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overheads will be low.

并在其职责范围内发挥主动性，那么行政管理费用就会很低。

旁白 neutral

It will be low because it will be necessary to have only one man looking after each job without having another man to check upon what he is doing,

之所以低，是因为只需要一个人负责一项工作，而不需要另一个人来检查他正在做什么，

旁白 neutral

keep him in line, and report on him to someone else.

约束他，并向其他人汇报他的情况。

旁白 neutral

But if no one can be trusted to act in a loyal and responsible manner towards his job,

但如果没人能被信任以忠诚负责的态度对待自己的工作，

旁白 neutral

then the business will require armies of administrators, checkers and foremen and administrative overheads will rise correspondingly.

那么企业将需要大量的管理人员、检查员和工头，行政管理费用也将相应地增加。

旁白 neutral

As administrative overheads rise, so the earnings of the business after meeting the expense of administration, will fall;

随着行政管理费用的增加，企业在支付行政开支后的收益将下降；

旁白 neutral

and the business will have less money to distribute as dividends or invest directly in its future progress and development.

企业将没有足够的资金来分配股息，或直接投资于其未来的发展。

旁白 neutral

It is precisely the same with a nation.

一个国家也是如此。

旁白 neutral

To the extent that the people can be relied on to behave in a loyal and responsible manner,

只要人民能够被信任以忠诚负责的方式行事，

旁白 neutral

the government does not require armies of police and civil servants to keep them in order.

政府就不需要大批警察和公务员来维持秩序。

旁白 neutral

But if a nation is disunited, the government cannot be sure that the actions of the people will be in the interests of the nation;

但如果一个国家是分裂的，政府就不能确定人民的行为是否符合国家利益；

旁白 neutral

and it will have to watch, check, and control the people accordingly.

它就必须相应地监视、检查和控制人民。

旁白 neutral

A disunited nation therefore has to incur unduly high costs of government.

因此，一个分裂的国家必然会产生过高的政府开支。