第31课

旁白 neutral

Appreciation of sculpture depends upon the ability to respond to form in 3 dimensions.

欣赏雕塑取决于能够感知三维形态的能力。

旁白 neutral

That is perhaps why sculpture has been described as the most difficult of all arts;

这也许就是为什么雕塑被描述为所有艺术中最难的；

旁白 neutral

certainly it is more difficult than the arts which involve appreciation of flat forms, shape in only two dimensions.

当然，它比那些涉及欣赏平面形态（仅二维形状）的艺术要难。

旁白 neutral

Many more people are 'form-blind' than colour-blind.

相比色盲，更多的人是“形盲”。

旁白 neutral

The child learning to see, first distinguishes only two-dimensional shape; it cannot judge distances, depths.

孩子在学习看东西时，首先只能辨别二维形状；它无法判断距离和深度。

旁白 neutral

Later, for its personal safety and practical needs, it has to develop (partly by means of touch) the ability to judge roughly 3-dimensonal distances.

后来，为了自身的安全和实际需要，它必须培养（部分通过触摸）粗略判断三维距离的能力。

旁白 neutral

But having satisfied the requirements of practical necessity, most people go no further.

但是，在满足了实际需要的要求之后，大多数人就不会再深入了。

旁白 neutral

Though they may attain considerable accuracy in the perception of flat form,

尽管他们可能在感知平面形态方面达到相当高的准确度，

旁白 neutral

they do not make the further intellectual and emotional effort needed to comprehend form in its full spatial existence.

但他们不会付出进一步的智力和情感努力，来理解形态的完整空间存在。

旁白 neutral

This is what the sculptor must do.

这就是雕塑家必须做的事情。

旁白 neutral

He must strive continually to think of and use, form in its full spatial completeness.

他必须不断努力思考和运用形态的完整空间性。

旁白 neutral

He gets the solid shape as it were, inside his head--he thinks of it, whatever its size, as if he were holding it completely enclosed in the hollow of his hand.

他仿佛将固体形状置于脑中——无论大小，他都将其视作完全握在掌中。

旁白 neutral

He mentally visualizes a complex form from all round itself;

他在脑海中从各个方向观察复杂的形态；

旁白 neutral

he knows while he looks at one side what the other side is like; he identifies himself with its centre of gravity, its mass, its weight;

当他看一面时，他就知道另一面是什么样子；他将自己与它的重心、质量、重量联系起来；

旁白 neutral

he realizes its volume as the space that the shape displaces in the air.

他将它的体积理解为形状在空气中排开的空间。

旁白 neutral

And the sensitive observer of sculpture must also learn to feel shape simply as shape, not as description or reminiscence.

并且，敏感的雕塑观察者也必须学会将形状单纯地感受为形状，而不是描述或回忆。

旁白 neutral

He must, for example, perceive an egg as a simple single solid shape quite apart from its significance as food,

例如，他必须将一个鸡蛋视为一个简单、单一的固体形状，完全脱离它作为食物的意义，

旁白 neutral

or from the literary idea that it will become a bird.

或脱离它会变成一只鸟的文学观念。

旁白 neutral

And so with solids such as a shell, a nut, a plum, a pear, a tadpole, a mushroom,

对于诸如贝壳、坚果、李子、梨、蝌蚪、蘑菇、

旁白 neutral

a mountain peak, a kidney, a carrot, a tree-trunk, a bird, a bud, a lark, a ladybird, a bulrush, a bone.

山峰、肾脏、胡萝卜、树干、鸟、花蕾、百灵鸟、瓢虫、香蒲、骨头等固体也是如此。

旁白 neutral

From these he can go on to appreciate more complex forms or combinations of several forms.

从这些事物中，他可以进一步欣赏更复杂的形态或多种形态的组合。