第21课

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William S.Hart and the early 'Western' film

威廉·S·哈特和早期“西部”片

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How did William Hart's childhood prepare him for his acting role in Western films?

威廉·哈特的童年是怎样为他在西部片中的表演做准备的？

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William S.Hart was, perhaps, the greatest of all Western stars,

威廉·S·哈特也许是所有西部片明星中最伟大的。

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for unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns.

因为他不像加里·库珀和约翰·韦恩那样，他只出演西部片。

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From 1914 to 1924 he was supreme and unchallenged.

从1914到1924年，他独领风骚，无人能及。

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It was Hart who created the basic formula of the Western film,

是哈特创造了西部片的基本模式，

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and devised the protagonist he played in every film he made,

并设计了他所主演的每部影片中的主角，

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the good-bad man, the accidental, noble outlaw,

亦正亦邪的好坏人，偶然成为的正直的歹徒，

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or the honest, but framed cowboy, or the sheriff made suspect by vicious gossip;

或是诚实但遭诬陷的牛仔，或是因流言蜚语而受到怀疑的警长；

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in short, the individual in conflict with himself and his frontier environment.

简而言之，就是与自己和其边疆环境相冲突的个体。

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Unlike most of his contemporaries in Hollywood,

与他在好莱坞的大多数同时代演员不同，

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Hart actually knew something of the old West.

哈特确实了解一些旧西部。

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He had lived in it as a child when it was already disappearing,

他小时候曾生活在那个已经逐渐消失的西部，

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and his hero was firmly rooted in his memories and experiences,

他的英雄人物深深扎根于他的记忆和经历中，

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and in both the history and the mythology of the vanished frontier,

以及在消逝边疆的历史和神话中。

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And although no period or place in American history has been more absurdly romanticized,

尽管美国历史上没有任何一个时期或地方比西部更被荒谬地浪漫化，

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myth and reality did join hands in at least one arena,

但神话和现实至少在一个领域联手了，

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the conflict between the individual and encroaching civilization.

那就是个体与入侵文明之间的冲突。

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Men accustomed to struggling for survival against the elements and Indians

习惯于与自然元素和印第安人斗争求生的人们，

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were bewildered by politicians, bankers and businessmen,

被政客、银行家和商人搞得手足无措，

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and unhorsed by fences, laws and alien taboos.

被篱笆、法律和陌生的禁忌所限制。

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Hart's good-bad man was always an outsider, always one of the disinherited,

哈特的“亦正亦邪的好坏人”总是一个局外人，一个被剥夺继承权的人，

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and if he found it necessary to shoot a sheriff or rob a bank along the way,

如果他觉得有必要射杀一名警长或沿途抢劫一家银行，

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his early audiences found it easy to understand and forgive,

他的早期观众很容易理解并原谅，

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especially when it was Hart who, in the end, overcame the attacking Indians.

尤其当最终是哈特击败了来犯的印第安人时。

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Audiences in the second decade of the twentieth century

二十世纪第二个十年的观众

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found it pleasant to escape to a time when life, though hard, was relatively simple.

乐于逃到一个虽然艰辛但相对简单的时代。

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We still do; living in a world in which undeclared aggression, war, hypocrisy,

我们现在仍然如此；生活在一个不宣而战的侵略、战争、虚伪、

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chicanery, anarchy and impending immolation are part of our daily lives,

诡计、无政府状态和即将到来的毁灭是我们日常生活一部分的世界里，

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we all want a code to live by.

我们都渴望有一个行为准则。