第12课

旁白 neutral

When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money,

任何人在银行开立活期账户，他就是在借钱给银行，

旁白 neutral

repayment of which he may demand at any time either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person.

而他可以随时要求银行偿还这笔钱，方式可以是现金，也可以是开出支票给另一个人。

旁白 neutral

Primarily, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor--

银行和储户的关系主要是债务人和债权人的关系——

旁白 neutral

who is which depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn.

谁是债务人，谁是债权人，取决于储户的账户是盈余还是透支。

旁白 neutral

But, in addition to that basically simple concept,

但是，除了这个基本简单的概念之外，

旁白 neutral

the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another.

银行和其储户彼此还负有大量的义务。

旁白 neutral

Many of these obligations can give rise to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods,

这些义务中的许多都可能引起问题和复杂情况，但是银行储户，不像（比如说）商品购买者，

旁白 neutral

cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.

不能抱怨法律对他不利。

旁白 neutral

The bank must obey its customer's instructions, and not those of anyone else.

银行必须服从其储户的指令，而不是其他任何人的指令。

旁白 neutral

When, for example, a customer first opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques drawn by himself.

例如，当储户首次开立账户时，他会指示银行只对由他本人开出的支票进行借记。

旁白 neutral

He gives the bank specimens of his signature, and there is a very firm rule

他向银行提供他的签名样本，并且有一条非常明确的规定：

旁白 neutral

that the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer's money on a cheque

银行无权或无权限根据一张支票支付储户的款项，

旁白 neutral

on which its customer's signature has been forged.

如果这张支票上的储户签名被伪造。

旁白 neutral

It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skillful one:

即使伪造得非常高明，也没有任何区别：

旁白 neutral

the bank must recognize its customer's signature.

银行必须识别其储户的签名。

旁白 neutral

For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice, adopted by banks, of printing the customer's name on his cheques.

由于这个原因，银行采用的在储户支票上印上储户姓名的做法对储户来说没有风险。

旁白 neutral

If this facilitates forgery, it is the bank which will lose, not the customer.

如果这有助于伪造，那么损失的是银行，而不是储户。