005 勇士与哲人

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Laurie walked into Grandpa's study wearing a necklace and a long dress pinned at the shoulders

劳里戴着项链，穿着一件在肩部用别针固定的长裙，走进了爷爷的书房。

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Her hair was gathered into a net

她的头发拢在发网里。

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" How do I look, Grandpa? Can you guess what I am for Halloween?"

“爷爷，我看上去怎么样？你能猜到我万圣节扮的是什么吗？”

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" A woman from ancient Greece of course!" Grandpa said, smiling

“当然是古希腊女子了！”爷爷笑着说。

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" And which city-state, may I ask, are you from?"

“那我请问，你是来自哪个城邦的呢？”

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Laurie frowned." I hadn't really thought about it

劳里皱起眉头。“我还真没想过这个问题。

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Sparta? Athens?" she answered, naming the only two old Greek cities she knew

斯巴达？雅典？”她答道，说出了她仅知的两个古希腊城市。

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" Those are two very different cities. They were also enemies for many years

“那是两个截然不同的城市。它们还多年为敌呢。

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Maybe I should tell you about them so you can decide which one you'd rather live in

也许我该给你讲讲它们，这样你就能决定更愿意住在哪个了。

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The Spartans were known for being serious, disciplined warriors

斯巴达人以其严肃、纪律严明的战士而闻名。

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Every man joined the army and spent most of his life in the military

每个男子都参军，一生中大部分时间在军队中度过。

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Training began at age seven, when boys were taken from their families and sent to live in military camps

训练从七岁开始，男孩们被带离家庭，送到军事训练营生活。

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They practiced sports for hours each day because having a weak body was considered dishonorable among Spartans

他们每天进行数小时的体育运动，因为在斯巴达人看来，身体虚弱是可耻的。

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They were taught to live with only the barest necessities

他们被教导仅靠最微薄的生活必需品度日。

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Sometimes they were even starved on purpose so they would learn to fearlessly steal or kill their own food for survival

有时，他们甚至会被故意挨饿，以便学会为了生存而无所畏惧地去偷窃或猎取食物。

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They were also served a black soup made of pork stewed in pigs' blood, vinegar, and salt to make them strong

他们还会喝一种用猪血、醋和盐炖猪肉做成的黑汤，以强健体魄。

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Besides undergoing physical training, they had to learn how to become brave warriors

除了经受体能训练，他们还得学会如何成为勇敢的战士。

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A good Spartan warrior could never cry out in pain or surrender easily

一名优秀的斯巴达战士绝不会因疼痛而叫喊，也不会轻易投降。

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Even the Spartan women were expected to be strong and fearless

即使是斯巴达的妇女，也被期望要强壮且无所畏惧。

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Unlike women in most other Greek cities, women of Sparta spent lots of time outdoors, exercising: they ran, did gymnastics, and danced

与大多数其他希腊城邦的妇女不同，斯巴达妇女花大量时间在户外锻炼：她们跑步、做体操，并跳舞。

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Part of a woman's duty was to provide her husband with a physically fit — preferably male — child who would become a strong warrior

妇女的职责之一，是为丈夫生一个体格强健——最好是男孩——将来能成为勇猛的战士。

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In order to give birth to a healthy child, it was thought the mother must be fit and healthy too

为了生下健康的孩子，人们认为母亲自身也必须强健健康。

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Girls also received good educations and were allowed to own property as adults!

女孩也接受良好的教育，成年后还可以拥有财产！

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This really shocked Greeks from other cities, where women weren't allowed such things

这令其他希腊城邦的人大为震惊，因为那里的妇女不被允许这样做。

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Spartan men and women were able to devote their lives to building a powerful Spartan military

斯巴达的男人和女人能够全身心投入到建设强大的斯巴达军队中

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because all their farming and other labor was done by slaves

因为所有的农耕和其他劳作都由奴隶来完成。

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In fact, most of Sparta's economy ran on slave labor

事实上，斯巴达的经济主要依赖奴隶劳动。

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But just because they had slaves doesn't mean Spartans were extravagant

不过，有奴隶并不代表斯巴达人生活奢侈。

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They were expected to scorn wealth and luxury

他们被要求鄙视财富和奢华。

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They didn't have parties and, besides religious rites, had very few celebrations

他们不举办宴会，除了宗教仪式外，几乎没什么庆祝活动。

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They didn't wear jewelry or make much art

他们不佩戴珠宝，也不怎么创作艺术。

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Today the word ' spartan ' can describe someone who is courageous and self-disciplined

如今，“斯巴达式的”这个词可以形容一个人勇敢自律，

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but also something that is extremely simple and not at all luxurious

也可以形容事物极其简朴，毫无奢华之处。

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What do you say, Laurie, could you be a Spartan?"

你觉得呢，劳里，你能当个斯巴达人吗？”

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" Hmm... I could play sports, learn stuff, and eventually own my own house

“嗯……我可以做运动，学东西，最后还能拥有自己的房子。

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That doesn't sound so bad, but I want to hear about Athens before I decide," Laurie said

这听起来不算太糟，但我想在决定之前先听听雅典的情况，”劳里说。

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" You got it. Athenians enjoyed a lifestyle very different from the Spartans

“没问题。雅典人享受的生活方式和斯巴达人截然不同。

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Women's main duties were to raise children, take care of the household, and weave wool

女性的主要职责是抚养孩子、料理家务和纺织羊毛。

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If you were an Athenian, you probably would have made that beautiful dress of yours at home

如果你是雅典人，你身上这件漂亮的裙子很可能是在家里自己做的。

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Now taking care of the household could mean different things depending on how rich you were

而料理家务，根据家境不同，含义也不一样。

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If you were well-off, you probably had many slaves who would clean, watch the children, and bake bread

如果你家境富裕，很可能会有许多奴隶打扫、照看孩子和烤面包。

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If you weren't, well, you might be doing all that work yourself

如果家境不富裕，这些活可能就得自己干了。

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Although boys began school around age seven, Athenian girls didn't get to go to school

虽然男孩大约七岁开始上学，但雅典女孩却不能上学。

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Around age 13 or so, they got married and began their lives as wives and mothers

她们大约十三岁结婚，开始作为妻子和母亲的生活。

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But Athens was a truly incredible city

但雅典确实是一座了不起的城市。

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It is often called the birthplace of democracy because it was the first city to test out democracy, or government run by citizens

它常被称为民主的摇篮，因为它是第一个尝试民主，即由公民治理的政府的城市。

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Athenians held city meetings at which all citizens — meaning Greek men who were born in the city — could share their opinions

雅典人召开城市会议，所有公民——即出生在本城的希腊男性——都可以发表意见。

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Then citizens were allowed to vote. Sometimes they decided big issues, such as whether the city should go to war

然后公民可以投票。有时他们决定重大问题，比如城市是否应该参战。

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Their style of government developed into the democracy we know today

他们的政府形式发展成了我们今天所知的民主。

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Athens was also home to the famous Acropolis, an immense complex of temples, theaters, and other impressive buildings

雅典也是著名的卫城的所在地，那里有庞大的庙宇、剧院和其他令人印象深刻的建筑群。

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The temples were dedicated to the worship of the Greeks' many gods and goddesses

这些庙宇用于供奉希腊众多的神祇，

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whom the Athenians respected, feared, and often celebrated

雅典人敬仰、畏惧并经常庆祝他们。

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Athenians were not spartan like the Spartans

雅典人不像斯巴达人那样过着斯巴达式的生活。

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They enjoyed sculpture, music, theater, poetry, and philosophy

他们喜爱雕塑、音乐、戏剧、诗歌和哲学。

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Maybe you've heard of the great thinkers Socrates and Aristotle?

你可能听说过伟大的思想家苏格拉底和亚里士多德？

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They were both from Athens. Athenian citizens were deep thinkers, but they also liked wine, feasts, and celebrations!

他们都来自雅典。雅典公民是深刻的思想家，但他们也喜欢葡萄酒、盛宴和庆祝活动！

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Grooming was also an important part of life; both men and women took hot baths and rubbed themselves with olive oil

梳妆打扮也是生活的重要部分；男女都洗热水澡，并用橄榄油涂抹身体。

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Women owned lots of makeup and perfume

女性拥有许多化妆品和香水。

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Athenians wore beautiful gold jewelry, a lot of which can be seen in museums today

雅典人佩戴美丽的金饰，其中许多今日可在博物馆看到。

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Sparta and Athens had very different ideas about how people should live and govern themselves, but each grew to be a strong city

斯巴达和雅典对人民应如何生活和自我治理有着截然不同的观念，但两者都成长为强大的城邦。

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Eventually they clashed. Both wanted to rule the other Greek city-states, and in 431 BC, they fought in the Peloponnesian War

最终它们发生了冲突。双方都想统治其他希腊城邦，公元前431年，它们进行了伯罗奔尼撒战争。

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After nearly thirty years of battle, the Spartans were victorious and the good times in Athens ended

经过近三十年的战争，斯巴达人获胜，雅典的好时光结束了。

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So what do you think, my little Grecian?

“那么，我的小希腊人，你怎么想？”

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Which ancient city would you like to live in — Sparta or Athens?" Grandpa asked

“你想住在哪座古代城市——斯巴达还是雅典？”爷爷问。

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Laurie considered her options." Being a Spartan would mean I'd live a simple — and maybe harsh — life, but get to run around a lot

劳里考虑着她的选择。“当斯巴达人意味着过简朴——也许严酷——的生活，但可以经常跑动。

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Being an Athenian would mean I'd witness the birth and development of democracy, but I wouldn't get to participate because I'm a girl

当雅典人意味着能见证民主的诞生和发展，但因为是女孩，我无法参与。

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Sparta it is!" Laurie cried, snatching off her necklace and raising a fist in the air. She marched out of the study

“就选斯巴达！”劳里喊道，扯下项链，举起拳头。她大步走出书房。

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" Lace up your sneakers, Mom," she called

“系好运动鞋，妈妈，”她喊道。

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" We're jogging to the Halloween parade — in true Spartan style!"

“我们用真正的斯巴达方式跑去万圣节游行！”