E01 001 间歇泉与温泉

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0:07 Mark's father parked his car." There's a crowd forming around Old Faithful," he said 马克的父亲停好车。“老忠实泉那边围了一群人，”他说。
0:14 " The geyser is probably about to blow. Come on, Mark! “间歇泉可能马上就要喷发了。快点，马克！
0:18 If we hurry, we might get to see the eruption." 我们快一点的话，也许能看到喷发。”
0:21 Mark had never seen a geyser erupt, so he and his father had come to Yellowstone National Park for the day 马克从未见过间歇泉喷发，所以他和父亲今天专程来到黄石国家公园。
0:28 The park was famous for its geysers and hot springs, especially the geyser known as Old Faithful 这个公园以间歇泉和温泉闻名，尤其是那座叫做老忠实泉的间歇泉。
0:35 Mark's dad had told him that geysers are one of the most amazing things found in nature 马克的爸爸告诉过他，间歇泉是大自然中最令人惊奇的事物之一。
0:41 A crack in the ground is filled with hot water, with bubbles and steam rising to the surface 地缝里充满了热水，气泡和蒸汽升腾到表面。
0:47 Then — often with little warning — it erupts 接着——常常毫无预警地——它就喷发了。
0:51 A giant burst of steam and water shoots high into the air 一股巨大的蒸汽和水柱高高射入空中。
0:56 Mark and his father made it to the geyser just in time 马克和父亲及时赶到了间歇泉边。
1:01 " Old Faithful is about to blow!" a park ranger shouted “老忠实泉要喷发了！”一位公园管理员喊道。
1:05 Mark felt a vibration coming from deep beneath the earth 马克感到从地下深处传来一阵震动。
1:10 There was a strange gurgling sound, and then, from a hole in the ground, steam and water shot up over forty meters into the air! 先是传来一阵奇怪的汩汩声，接着，从一个地洞里，蒸汽和水柱猛地喷射到四十多米高的空中！
1:20 " Whoa!" Mark cried “哇！”马克叫了起来。
1:23 Soon the water flowed back down into the hole 很快，水又流回到了那个洞里。
1:26 To Mark, it sounded just like water gurgling down the drain of a sink 在马克听来，那声音就像水从洗手池的下水口汩汩流下去一样。
1:32 Mark had a question for the ranger." Why is this geyser named Old Faithful?" he asked 马克有个问题想问管理员。“这个间歇泉为什么叫老忠实泉？”他问道。
1:39 " Most geysers are unpredictable," the ranger explained “大多数间歇泉都不可预测，”管理员解释说。
1:43 " But Old Faithful's eruptions follow a predictable pattern “但是老忠实泉的喷发遵循一个可预测的模式。
1:47 If it erupts for two minutes, then it erupts again in sixty minutes 如果它喷发两分钟，那么它会在六十分钟后再次喷发。
1:52 If it erupts for five minutes, it erupts again in one hundred minutes." “如果它喷发五分钟，那么会在100分钟后再次喷发。”
1:56 " I get it," said Mark." Old Faithful always does the same thing!" “我明白了，”马克说，“老忠实总是这样！”
2:02 " Exactly." The ranger grinned at Mark “完全正确。”护林员对马克咧嘴笑了笑。
2:06 Soon Mark and his father followed the park ranger to an exhibit 很快，马克和父亲跟着护林员来到一个展览处。
2:10 There, Mark learned that Yellowstone Park contains more than half of all the geysers and hot springs on earth 在那里，马克了解到，黄石公园拥有地球上超过半数的间歇泉和温泉。
2:18 " What are hot springs?" Mark asked the ranger." Are they different from geysers?" “什么是温泉？”马克问护林员，“它们和间歇泉不一样吗？”
2:25 " Yes, they are different," the ranger replied “是的，它们不一样。”护林员回答。
2:28 " They form because of earth's water table “它们的形成和地下水位有关。
2:30 When rain falls, some water sinks deep into the earth until it reaches a layer of rock 下雨时，一部分水会渗入地下深处，直到触及岩层。
2:36 The water sits on top of the rock and forms what's called the water table — a layer of water 水聚集在岩石上方，形成了所谓的‘地下水位’——一个水层。
2:42 " In some places, such as Yellowstone Park, the hot core of the earth is near this water table “在黄石公园这样的地方，炽热的地心离这个地下水层很近。
2:48 So the water gets heated to boiling hot temperatures 所以水会被加热到沸腾的程度。
2:51 If there is a crack in the earth above the water, the water expands and forces its way up. Water then pools around the opening." 如果水上方的地壳有裂缝，水就会膨胀并向上涌，然后在开口周围汇聚成池。”
2:59 " I see." Mark nodded." Hot springs don't erupt. But then what makes geysers erupt?" “我明白了。”马克点点头，“温泉不会喷发。那是什么让间歇泉喷发呢？”
3:07 " Well," the park ranger said." A hot spring's crack, or fissure, is shaped like a pipe “嗯，”护林员说，“温泉的裂缝就像一根直的管道。
3:13 But a geyser's fissure is wider, forming a large cavern underground 但间歇泉的裂缝更宽，在地下形成一个巨大的空穴。
3:18 Hot water and steam rise and fill the cavern while the water at the top of the cavern cools off quickly 热水和水蒸气上升并填满空穴，而空穴顶部的水会迅速冷却。
3:24 This cool water acts like a heavy lid on a pot of boiling water 这层冷水就像一个沉重的盖子，盖在一锅沸水上。
3:28 Hot pressure builds up in the cavern 空穴里积聚了很大的压力。
3:31 Suddenly all the pressure is released at once, shooting water and steam into the air." 一瞬间，所有压力突然释放，把水和蒸汽喷射到空中。”
3:37 Mark and his father stayed a while longer, exploring the exhibit 马克和父亲又待了一会儿，继续参观展览。
3:42 They found out that Iceland, a small country in Europe, also has a large number of geysers and hot springs 他们了解到，欧洲小国冰岛也拥有大量的间歇泉和温泉。
3:49 The people living there can even use the energy from geysers and hot springs to heat their homes and generate electricity! 住在那儿的人甚至可以利用间歇泉和温泉的能量来供暖和发电！
3:57 " Look, Dad!" Mark pointed to a picture of a giant mud bath “看，爸爸！”马克指着一张巨大的泥浴图片。
4:02 " Sometimes the hot spring mixes with soil to form mud baths like this one “有时候温泉水混合了泥土，就形成这样的泥浴。
4:07 I bet it feels good to lay in that!" 我打赌躺在里面肯定很舒服！”
4:10 " Many people find these mud baths soothing," replied Mark's dad “很多人觉得这些泥浴能让人放松镇静。”马克的父亲回答。
4:15 " Japan is famous for its relaxing hot springs “日本以其令人放松的温泉而闻名。
4:18 Some people even believe that mud baths and hot springs can cure diseases — or at least take away some aches and pains!" 有些人甚至相信泥浴和温泉能治病——或者至少能缓解一些疼痛！”
4:25 The ranger heard them talking." In Yellowstone Park the hot springs' water is usually too hot to touch," he said 护林员听到了他们的谈话。“在黄石公园，温泉水通常太烫了，不能碰。”他说。
4:33 " So unfortunately, people can't bathe in the hot springs here “所以很遗憾，人们不能在这里的温泉里泡澡。
4:37 But there is something special about our hot springs 不过，我们的温泉有个特别之处。
4:41 Some forms of bacteria and algae live in them 水里生活着某些种类的细菌和藻类。
4:44 These life forms are different colors and give the hot springs an unusual and beautiful appearance." 这些生物颜色各异，赋予了温泉一种奇特而美丽的外观。”
4:50 Later Mark and his father thanked the park ranger and headed back toward their car. It was time to go home 后来，马克和父亲向护林员道谢，然后朝他们的车走去。该回家了。
5:00 " Dad, I wish we could go to one of those hot springs where you can swim and relax," Mark said." That sounds like fun!" “爸爸，真希望我们能去那种可以游泳和放松的温泉，”马克说，“听起来太好玩了！”
5:08 " I've heard there are hot springs like that in Canada," replied Mark's father “我听说加拿大有那样的温泉。”马克的父亲回答。
5:13 " You can sit in a hot spring high in the mountains “你可以坐在高山的温泉里。
5:16 Would you like to go there on our next vacation?" he asked 下次假期想去那儿吗？”他问道。
5:19 " Yes!" Mark said, grinning." That sounds cool... er, I mean, hot!" “想！”马克咧嘴笑着说，“听起来真酷……哦，我是说，真热！”