E02 002 布鲁克林大桥

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0:07 " It's a perfect day to walk across the Brooklyn Bridge," Paul said “今天是步行穿过布鲁克林大桥的绝佳日子，”保罗说。
0:18 He looked up at the enormous bridge that connected two very busy parts of New York City — Brooklyn and Manhattan 他抬头望着这座连接纽约市两个繁忙地区——布鲁克林和曼哈顿——的巨大桥梁。
0:26 The bridge was pretty old now 这座桥现在相当古老了。
0:27 But with its tall stone towers and strong-looking cables, it was still an amazing sight above the East River 但凭借高耸的石塔和看似坚固的缆索，它依然是东河上方一道令人惊叹的风景。
0:36 " Dad, who built this bridge?" Paul asked “爸爸，是谁建造了这座桥？”保罗问。
0:40 " A man named John Roebling," his father answered “一个叫约翰·罗布林的人，”他父亲回答。
0:44 " Now Brooklyn and Manhattan are part of the same city — New York “现在布鲁克林和曼哈顿同属一个城市——纽约。
0:49 But they used to be two different cities 但它们曾经是两个不同的城市。
0:52 In the 1800s boats would bring people back and forth across the East River to work, shop, or visit friends 在19世纪，船只载着人们往返东河两岸，去上班、购物或拜访朋友。
0:59 The river was sometimes rough, and the boats were often late 河面有时波涛汹涌，船只也经常晚点。
1:03 One day John was on one of those boats with his son, and he got the idea to build a suspension bridge across the river 有一天，约翰和他的儿子乘船时，萌生了建一座横跨河流的悬索桥的想法。
1:11 Many people said it couldn't be done 很多人都说这不可能实现。
1:14 But one winter the East River froze, and the boats couldn't get through 但有一年冬天，东河封冻，船只无法通行。
1:18 People from Brooklyn couldn't get to work in Manhattan 布鲁克林的人没法去曼哈顿上班了。
1:22 Finally it was decided that a bridge should be built, connecting the two places." 最终，人们决定建一座桥，把两地连接起来。
1:27 " Was John Roebling an engineer like you?" asked Paul “约翰·罗布林和你一样是工程师吗？”保罗问。
1:32 " Yes, he was. His son, Washington, was an engineer too “是的，他是。他的儿子华盛顿也是工程师。
1:37 In 1869 they started to work on the bridge together 1869年，他们开始一起建造这座桥。
1:41 But sadly, a freak accident happened 但不幸的是，一场离奇的事故发生了。
1:44 While John Roebling was on the Brooklyn side of the river, his foot got caught in the dock 约翰·罗布林在布鲁克林一侧的河边时，脚被卡在了码头里。
1:50 An incoming boat crashed into the dock, injuring him badly 一艘驶来的船撞上了码头，使他受了重伤。
1:54 He died a month later. So Washington took over." 一个月后他去世了。于是华盛顿接替了他的工作。
1:57 " Washington must have been sad when his father died," murmured Paul “父亲去世时，华盛顿一定很伤心。”保罗低声说。
2:03 " Yes, he and his father were very close “是的，他和父亲非常亲近。”
2:06 But Washington was ready for the job 但华盛顿已经为这项工作做好了准备。
2:09 He started working right away, digging deep under the river mud to create supports for the two bridge towers 他立刻开始工作，在河泥深处挖掘，为两座桥塔建造支撑结构。
2:15 This almost cost him his life." 这差点让他送了命。”
2:18 Paul gasped." You mean, Washington almost died too?" 保罗倒吸一口气。“你是说，华盛顿也差点死了？”
2:24 " Yes, he designed something called a caisson to use for the underwater project “是的，他为水下工程设计了一种叫沉箱的东西。
2:29 These caissons, which prevented the water from flooding the work area, were filled with compressed air 这些沉箱防止水淹没工作区，里面充满了压缩空气。
2:36 And at the time, people didn't realize that working in compressed air can cause caisson disease, or decompression sickness 当时，人们还没意识到在压缩空气环境下工作会引发沉箱病，也就是减压病。
2:44 That's a dangerous condition that results from gas bubbles forming inside the body 这是一种危险的状况，是由于体内形成气泡所导致的。
2:49 Caisson disease affected Washington's nervous system, paralyzing him for a time and causing him great pain 沉箱病损害了华盛顿的神经系统，使他瘫痪了一段时间，并承受巨大的痛苦。
2:55 Some members of his work crew even died from the illness! 他的一些工友甚至因此病而丧生！
2:59 Washington never returned to the bridge, but he continued to manage the project 华盛顿再也没能回到大桥工地上，但他继续管理着这个项目。
3:05 Imagine this — he used a telescope to watch the progress of the bridge construction from his home in Brooklyn!" 想象一下——他就在布鲁克林的家中，用望远镜观察大桥的施工进展！
3:11 " Wow. It sounds like he was pretty sick — how could he manage everything from home?" Paul asked “哇，听起来他病得很重——他怎么能在家里管理所有事情呢？”保罗问道。
3:19 " Good question," his father said." Washington's wife, Emily, helped him “问得好，”他父亲说，“华盛顿的妻子，埃米莉，帮了他。
3:25 She wrote his letters and helped with planning the work 她代他写信，并协助规划工作。
3:28 She served as his eyes and ears, and delivered all his orders to the workers 她充当了他的耳目，并将他所有的指令传达给工人们。
3:33 She even studied complicated mathematics to learn more about building! 她甚至学习了复杂的数学，以便更了解建筑！
3:38 Soon she earned the respect of everyone involved in the project 很快，她就赢得了所有参与项目的人的尊敬。
3:42 If it weren't for her, the Brooklyn Bridge probably wouldn't have been finished." 要是没有她，布鲁克林大桥可能就无法完工了。”
3:47 Paul's father pointed to the bridge towers 保罗的父亲指向桥塔。
3:50 " When those towers were finished, they were 25 stories high, taller than any of the other buildings around them “那些桥塔刚建成时有25层楼高，比周围所有其他建筑都高。
3:56 Can you imagine that?" 你能想象吗？”
3:58 Paul looked at the city skyline 保罗看着城市的天际线。
4:01 All the huge skyscrapers made the bridge towers look small now 现在，所有这些摩天大楼都让桥塔显得渺小了。
4:06 He tried to imagine how different the city must have looked back then 他试着想象那时的城市看起来该有多么不同。
4:10 " See those four main cables that run along the top from one tower to the other?" his father went on “看到那四根从一座桥塔顶端延伸到另一座的主缆绳了吗？”他的父亲继续说道。
4:17 " Can you spot all the wires hanging down from them? “你能看到从主缆上垂下来的所有钢丝吗？
4:20 John Roebling invented their material, which is called wire rope 约翰·罗布林发明了它们的材料，叫做钢丝绳。
4:25 The wire rope is made of steel, so it is strong and can easily be bent into any shape 钢丝绳是用钢制成的，所以很坚固，而且可以轻松弯曲成任何形状。
4:30 The Brooklyn Bridge was the first bridge where it was used 布鲁克林大桥是第一座使用这种材料的大桥。
4:34 But those slanted supports were Washington's idea 但那些斜拉索是华盛顿的主意。
4:38 He added them to make sure the bridge was safe." 他加上它们是为了确保大桥的安全。”
4:41 " How long did it take to build the bridge?" asked Paul “建这座桥花了多长时间？”保罗问。
4:45 " Fourteen years," answered his father." It was an amazing undertaking “十四年，”父亲回答，“这是一项了不起的工程。
4:51 When it was finished, it was the longest suspension bridge in the world 建成时，它是世界上最长的悬索桥。
4:56 At the opening day ceremony in 1883, Emily Roebling was given the honor of being the first person to cross the bridge 在1883年的开通典礼上，埃米莉·罗布林获此殊荣，成为第一个跨越大桥的人。
5:04 She rode in a horse and carriage from the Brooklyn side to the Manhattan side 她坐着一辆马车从布鲁克林一侧前往曼哈顿一侧。
5:09 The workers all cheered as she went by." 工人们在她经过时都欢呼起来。”
5:12 " Her husband must have been proud," said Paul “她丈夫一定很自豪，”保罗说。
5:17 " Yes, it was his idea “是的，这是他的构想。
5:19 Crowds lined the streets of Manhattan and Brooklyn, and hundreds of ships were packed into the East River 人群排列在曼哈顿和布鲁克林的街道两旁，数百艘船挤满了东河。
5:25 On the Manhattan side, the president of the United States waited with the governor and the mayor of New York City 在曼哈顿一侧，美国总统与纽约州州长和纽约市市长一起等候。
5:32 Then they met Emily and they all walked across the bridge together 然后他们会见了埃米莉，大家一起走过了大桥。
5:37 After the ceremony they went to the Roebling house to honor Washington and his father 典礼结束后，他们去了罗布林家，向华盛顿和他的父亲致敬。
5:42 There was a grand show of fireworks that night 那天晚上有一场盛大的烟火表演。
5:45 It was the greatest celebration ever held in America up until that time." 那是直到那时为止美国举办过的最盛大的庆典。”
5:50 " That sounds pretty cool," said Paul “听起来真酷，”保罗说。
5:54 His father agreed with a nod 父亲点头同意。
5:56 " I'd like to help build a bridge like that one day," said Paul “我希望有一天也能帮忙建造那样一座桥，”保罗说。
6:01 His father beamed 父亲笑容满面。
6:04 " The Brooklyn Bridge inspired the building of many other bridges, allowing people to travel easily to many new places “布鲁克林大桥激励了许多其他桥梁的建造，让人们可以轻松地前往许多新地方。
6:11 It was seen as the greatest engineering achievement of the nineteenth century." 它被视为19世纪最伟大的工程成就。”
6:16 " My teacher said the Brooklyn Bridge is a true American landmark." “我的老师说布鲁克林大桥是真正的美国地标。”
6:22 Paul grabbed his father's arm 保罗抓住父亲的手臂。
6:24 " Come on, Dad! Let's see how fast we can get to the other side!" “快来，爸爸！我们比比看谁先到对岸！”